Nina Döllinger M.Sc.

• Döllinger, Nina, David Mal, Sebastian Keppler, Erik Wolf, Mario Botsch, Johann Habakuk Israel, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Virtual Body Swapping: A VR-Based Approach to Embodied Third-Person Self-Processing in Mind-Body Therapy”. In 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642328.
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  Virtual reality (VR) offers various opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches, especially regarding self-related mind-body interventions. We introduce a VR body swap system enabling multiple users to swap their perspectives and appearances and evaluate its effects on virtual sense of embodiment (SoE) and perception- and cognition-based self-related processes. In a self-compassion-framed scenario, twenty participants embodied their personalized, photorealistic avatar, swapped bodies with an unfamiliar peer, and reported their SoE, interoceptive awareness (perception), and self-compassion (cognition). Participants' experiences differed between bottom-up and top-down processes. Regarding SoE, their agency and self-location shifted to the swap avatar, while their top-down self-identification remained with their personalized avatar. Further, the experience positively affected interoceptive awareness but not self-compassion. Our outcomes offer novel insights into the SoE in a multiple-embodiment scenario and highlight the need to differentiate between the different processes in intervention design. They raise concerns and requirements for future research on avatar-based mind-body interventions.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2024bodyswap, abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) offers various opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches, especially regarding self-related mind-body interventions. We introduce a VR body swap system enabling multiple users to swap their perspectives and appearances and evaluate its effects on virtual sense of embodiment (SoE) and perception- and cognition-based self-related processes. In a self-compassion-framed scenario, twenty participants embodied their personalized, photorealistic avatar, swapped bodies with an unfamiliar peer, and reported their SoE, interoceptive awareness (perception), and self-compassion (cognition). Participants' experiences differed between bottom-up and top-down processes. Regarding SoE, their agency and self-location shifted to the swap avatar, while their top-down self-identification remained with their personalized avatar. Further, the experience positively affected interoceptive awareness but not self-compassion. Our outcomes offer novel insights into the SoE in a multiple-embodiment scenario and highlight the need to differentiate between the different processes in intervention design. They raise concerns and requirements for future research on avatar-based mind-body interventions.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Mal, David and Keppler, Sebastian and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Israel, Johann Habakuk and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {dmal}, title = {Virtual Body Swapping: A VR-Based Approach to Embodied Third-Person Self-Processing in Mind-Body Therapy}, year = 2024 }
• Wienrich, Carolin, Stephanie Vogt, Nina Döllinger, and David Obremski. “Promoting Eco-Friendly Behavior through Virtual Reality - Implementation and Evaluation of Immersive Feedback Conditions of a Virtual CO2 Calculator”. In 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://downloads.hci.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/2024_chi_co2_calculator.pdf.
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  Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges in the 21st century. Urgent actions favoring the environment's well-being are essential to mitigate its potentially irreversible consequences. However, the delayed and often distant nature of the effects of sustainable behavior makes it challenging for individuals to connect with the issue personally. Immersive media are an opportunity to introduce innovative feedback mechanisms to highlight the urgency of behavior effects. We introduce a VR carbon calculator that visualizes users' annual carbon footprint as CO2-filled balloons over multiple periods. In a 2x2 design, participants calculated and visualized their carbon footprint numerically or as balloons over one or three years. We found no effect of our visualization but a significant impact of the visualized period on participants' environmental self-efficacy. These findings emphasize the importance of target-oriented design in VR behavior interventions.

  @inproceedings{wienrich2024promoting, abstract = {Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges in the 21st century. Urgent actions favoring the environment's well-being are essential to mitigate its potentially irreversible consequences. However, the delayed and often distant nature of the effects of sustainable behavior makes it challenging for individuals to connect with the issue personally. Immersive media are an opportunity to introduce innovative feedback mechanisms to highlight the urgency of behavior effects. We introduce a VR carbon calculator that visualizes users' annual carbon footprint as CO2-filled balloons over multiple periods. In a 2x2 design, participants calculated and visualized their carbon footprint numerically or as balloons over one or three years. We found no effect of our visualization but a significant impact of the visualized period on participants' environmental self-efficacy. These findings emphasize the importance of target-oriented design in VR behavior interventions.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Vogt, Stephanie and Döllinger, Nina and Obremski, David}, booktitle = {2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, title = {Promoting Eco-Friendly Behavior through Virtual Reality - Implementation and Evaluation of Immersive Feedback Conditions of a Virtual CO2 Calculator}, year = 2024 }
• Mal, David, Nina Döllinger, Erik Wolf, Stephan Wenninger, Mario Botsch, Carolin Wienrich, and Marc Erich Latoschik. “Am I the Odd One? Exploring (In)Congruencies in the Realism of Avatars and Virtual Others in Virtual Reality”. ArXiv, 2024. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.07122.
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  Virtual humans play a pivotal role in social virtual environments, shaping users' VR experiences. The diversity in available options and users' preferences can result in a heterogeneous mix of appearances among a group of virtual humans. The resulting variety in higher-order anthropomorphic and realistic cues introduces multiple (in)congruencies, eventually impacting the plausibility of the experience. In this work, we consider the impact of (in)congruencies in the realism of a group of virtual humans, including co-located others and one's self-avatar. In a 2 x 3 mixed design, participants embodied either (1) a personalized realistic or (2) a customized stylized self-avatar across three consecutive VR exposures in which they were accompanied by a group of virtual others being either (1) all realistic, (2) all stylized, or (3) mixed. Our results indicate groups of virtual others of higher realism, i.e., potentially more congruent with participants' real-world experiences and expectations, were considered more human-like, increasing the feeling of co-presence and the impression of interaction possibilities. (In)congruencies concerning the homogeneity of the group did not cause considerable effects. Furthermore, our results indicate that a self-avatar's congruence with the participant's real-world experiences concerning their own physical body yielded notable benefits for virtual body ownership and self-identification for realistic personalized avatars. Notably, the incongruence between a stylized self-avatar and a group of realistic virtual others resulted in diminished ratings of self-location and self-identification. We conclude on the implications of our findings and discuss our results within current theories of VR experiences, considering (in)congruent visual cues and their impact on the perception of virtual others, self-representation, and spatial presence.

  @article{mal2024oddone, abstract = {Virtual humans play a pivotal role in social virtual environments, shaping users' VR experiences. The diversity in available options and users' preferences can result in a heterogeneous mix of appearances among a group of virtual humans. The resulting variety in higher-order anthropomorphic and realistic cues introduces multiple (in)congruencies, eventually impacting the plausibility of the experience. In this work, we consider the impact of (in)congruencies in the realism of a group of virtual humans, including co-located others and one's self-avatar. In a 2 x 3 mixed design, participants embodied either (1) a personalized realistic or (2) a customized stylized self-avatar across three consecutive VR exposures in which they were accompanied by a group of virtual others being either (1) all realistic, (2) all stylized, or (3) mixed. Our results indicate groups of virtual others of higher realism, i.e., potentially more congruent with participants' real-world experiences and expectations, were considered more human-like, increasing the feeling of co-presence and the impression of interaction possibilities. (In)congruencies concerning the homogeneity of the group did not cause considerable effects. Furthermore, our results indicate that a self-avatar's congruence with the participant's real-world experiences concerning their own physical body yielded notable benefits for virtual body ownership and self-identification for realistic personalized avatars. Notably, the incongruence between a stylized self-avatar and a group of realistic virtual others resulted in diminished ratings of self-location and self-identification. We conclude on the implications of our findings and discuss our results within current theories of VR experiences, considering (in)congruent visual cues and their impact on the perception of virtual others, self-representation, and spatial presence.}, author = {Mal, David and Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {arXiv}, keywords = {dmal}, note = {Preprint}, title = {Am I the Odd One? Exploring (In)Congruencies in the Realism of Avatars and Virtual Others in Virtual Reality}, year = 2024 }
• Döllinger, Nina, Jessica Topel, Mario Botsch, Carolin Wienrich, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Jean-Luc Lugrin. “Exploring Agent-User Personality Similarity and Dissimilarity for Virtual Reality Psychotherapy”. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). https://downloads.hci.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/2024-ieeevr-pandas-personality.pdf.
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  Imaginary self-encounters are a common approach in psychotherapy. Recent virtual reality advancements enable innovative approaches to enhanced self-encounters using photorealistic personalized Doppelgangers (DG). Yet, next to appearance, similarity in body language could be a great driver of self-identification with a DG or a generic agent. One cost-efficient and time-saving approach could be personality-enhanced animations. We present a pilot study evaluating the effects of personality-enhanced body language in DGs and generic agents. Eleven participants evaluated a Photorealistic DG and a Generic Agent, animated in a seated position to simulate four personality types: Low and High Extraversion and Low and High Emotional Stability. Participants rated the agents' personalities and their self-identification with them. We found an overall positive relationship between a calculated personality similarity score, self-attribution, and perceived behavior-similarity. Perceived appearance-similarity was affected by personality similarity only in generic agents, indicating the potential of body language to provoke a feeling of similarity even in dissimilar-appearing agents.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2024exploring, abstract = {Imaginary self-encounters are a common approach in psychotherapy. Recent virtual reality advancements enable innovative approaches to enhanced self-encounters using photorealistic personalized Doppelgangers (DG). Yet, next to appearance, similarity in body language could be a great driver of self-identification with a DG or a generic agent. One cost-efficient and time-saving approach could be personality-enhanced animations. We present a pilot study evaluating the effects of personality-enhanced body language in DGs and generic agents. Eleven participants evaluated a Photorealistic DG and a Generic Agent, animated in a seated position to simulate four personality types: Low and High Extraversion and Low and High Emotional Stability. Participants rated the agents' personalities and their self-identification with them. We found an overall positive relationship between a calculated personality similarity score, self-attribution, and perceived behavior-similarity. Perceived appearance-similarity was affected by personality similarity only in generic agents, indicating the potential of body language to provoke a feeling of similarity even in dissimilar-appearing agents.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Topel, Jessica and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Jean-Luc}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, note = {Conditionally accepted for publication}, title = {Exploring Agent-User Personality Similarity and Dissimilarity for Virtual Reality Psychotherapy}, year = 2024 }

• Fiedler, Marie Luisa, Erik Wolf, Nina Döllinger, Mario Botsch, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Embodiment and Personalization for Self-Identification With Virtual Humans”. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 799-800. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00242.
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  Our work investigates the impact of virtual human embodiment and personalization on the sense of embodiment (SoE) and self-identification (SI). We introduce preliminary items to query self-similarity (SS) and self-attribution (SA) with virtual humans as dimensions of SI. In our study, 64 participants successively observed personalized and generic-looking virtual humans, either as embodied avatars in a virtual mirror or as agents while performing tasks. They reported significantly higher SoE and SI when facing personalized virtual humans and significantly higher SoE and SA when facing embodied avatars, indicating that both factors have strong separate and complimentary influence on SoE and SI.

  @inproceedings{fiedler2023selfidentification, abstract = {Our work investigates the impact of virtual human embodiment and personalization on the sense of embodiment (SoE) and self-identification (SI). We introduce preliminary items to query self-similarity (SS) and self-attribution (SA) with virtual humans as dimensions of SI. In our study, 64 participants successively observed personalized and generic-looking virtual humans, either as embodied avatars in a virtual mirror or as agents while performing tasks. They reported significantly higher SoE and SI when facing personalized virtual humans and significantly higher SoE and SA when facing embodied avatars, indicating that both factors have strong separate and complimentary influence on SoE and SI.}, author = {Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, pages = {799-800}, title = {Embodiment and Personalization for Self-Identification with Virtual Humans}, year = 2023 }
• Döllinger, Nina, Erik Wolf, Mario Botsch, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Are Embodied Avatars Harmful to Our Self-Experience? The Impact of Virtual Embodiment on Body Awareness”. In 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580918.
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  Virtual Reality (VR) allows us to replace our visible body with a virtual self-representation (avatar) and to explore its effects on our body perception. While the feeling of owning and controlling a virtual body is widely researched, how VR affects the awareness of internal body signals (body awareness) remains open. Forty participants performed moving meditation tasks in reality and VR, either facing their mirror image or not. Both the virtual environment and avatars photorealistically matched their real counterparts. We found a negative effect of VR on body awareness, mediated by feeling embodied in and changed by the avatar. Further, we revealed a negative effect of a mirror on body awareness. Our results indicate that assessing body awareness should be essential in evaluating VR designs and avatar embodiment aiming at mental health, as even a scenario as close to reality as possible can distract users from their internal body signals.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2023embodied, abstract = {Virtual Reality (VR) allows us to replace our visible body with a virtual self-representation (avatar) and to explore its effects on our body perception. While the feeling of owning and controlling a virtual body is widely researched, how VR affects the awareness of internal body signals (body awareness) remains open. Forty participants performed moving meditation tasks in reality and VR, either facing their mirror image or not. Both the virtual environment and avatars photorealistically matched their real counterparts. We found a negative effect of VR on body awareness, mediated by feeling embodied in and changed by the avatar. Further, we revealed a negative effect of a mirror on body awareness. Our results indicate that assessing body awareness should be essential in evaluating VR designs and avatar embodiment aiming at mental health, as even a scenario as close to reality as possible can distract users from their internal body signals.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {vitras}, note = {Honorable Mention 🏆}, title = {Are Embodied Avatars Harmful to our Self-Experience? The Impact of Virtual Embodiment on Body Awareness}, year = 2023 }

• Döllinger, Nina, Erik Wolf, David Mal, Nico Erdmannsdörfer, Mario Botsch, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Virtual Reality for Mind and Body: Does the Sense of Embodiment Towards a Virtual Body Affect Physical Body Awareness?”. In CHI 22 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, 7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519613.
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  Mind-body therapies aim to improve health by combining physical and mental exercises. Recent developments tend to incorporate virtual reality (VR) into their design and execution, but there is a lack of research concerning the inclusion of virtual bodies and their effect on body awareness in these designs. In this study, 24 participants performed in-VR body awareness movement tasks in front of a virtual mirror while embodying a photorealistic, personalized avatar. Subsequently, they performed a heartbeat counting task and rated their perceived body awareness and sense of embodiment towards the avatar. We found a significant relationship between sense of embodiment and self-reported body awareness but not between sense of embodiment and heartbeat counting. Future work can build on these findings and further explore the relationship between avatar embodiment and body awareness.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2022virtual, abstract = {Mind-body therapies aim to improve health by combining physical and mental exercises. Recent developments tend to incorporate virtual reality (VR) into their design and execution, but there is a lack of research concerning the inclusion of virtual bodies and their effect on body awareness in these designs. In this study, 24 participants performed in-VR body awareness movement tasks in front of a virtual mirror while embodying a photorealistic, personalized avatar. Subsequently, they performed a heartbeat counting task and rated their perceived body awareness and sense of embodiment towards the avatar. We found a significant relationship between sense of embodiment and self-reported body awareness but not between sense of embodiment and heartbeat counting. Future work can build on these findings and further explore the relationship between avatar embodiment and body awareness.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Erdmannsdörfer, Nico and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {CHI 22 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {dmal}, month = {04}, pages = 7, title = {Virtual Reality for Mind and Body: Does the Sense of Embodiment Towards a Virtual Body Affect Physical Body Awareness?}, year = 2022 }
• Wolf, Erik, Marie Luisa Fiedler, Nina Döllinger, Carolin Wienrich, and Marc Erich Latoschik. “Exploring Presence, Avatar Embodiment, and Body Perception With a Holographic Augmented Reality Mirror”. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 350-59. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR51125.2022.00054.
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  The embodiment of avatars in virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for enhancing the user's mental health. A great example is the treatment of body image disturbances, where eliciting a full-body illusion can help identify, visualize, and modulate persisting misperceptions. Augmented reality (AR) could complement recent advances in the field by incorporating real elements, such as the therapist or the user's real body, into therapeutic scenarios. However, research on the use of AR in this context is very sparse. Therefore, we present a holographic AR mirror system based on an optical see-through (OST) device and markerless body tracking, collect valuable qualitative feedback regarding its user experience, and compare quantitative results regarding presence, embodiment, and body weight perception to similar systems using video see-through (VST) AR and VR. For our OST AR system, a total of 27 normal-weight female participants provided predominantly positive feedback on display properties (field of view, luminosity, and transparency of virtual objects), body tracking, and the perception of the avatar’s appearance and movements. In the quantitative comparison to the VST AR and VR systems, participants reported significantly lower feelings of presence, while they estimated the body weight of the generic avatar significantly higher when using our OST AR system. For virtual body ownership and agency, we found only partially significant differences. In summary, our study shows the general applicability of OST AR in the given context offering huge potential in future therapeutic scenarios. However, the comparative evaluation between OST AR, VST AR, and VR also revealed significant differences in relevant measures. Future work is mandatory to corroborate our findings and to classify the significance in a therapeutic context.

  @inproceedings{wolf2022holographic, abstract = {The embodiment of avatars in virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for enhancing the user's mental health. A great example is the treatment of body image disturbances, where eliciting a full-body illusion can help identify, visualize, and modulate persisting misperceptions. Augmented reality (AR) could complement recent advances in the field by incorporating real elements, such as the therapist or the user's real body, into therapeutic scenarios. However, research on the use of AR in this context is very sparse. Therefore, we present a holographic AR mirror system based on an optical see-through (OST) device and markerless body tracking, collect valuable qualitative feedback regarding its user experience, and compare quantitative results regarding presence, embodiment, and body weight perception to similar systems using video see-through (VST) AR and VR. For our OST AR system, a total of 27 normal-weight female participants provided predominantly positive feedback on display properties (field of view, luminosity, and transparency of virtual objects), body tracking, and the perception of the avatar’s appearance and movements. In the quantitative comparison to the VST AR and VR systems, participants reported significantly lower feelings of presence, while they estimated the body weight of the generic avatar significantly higher when using our OST AR system. For virtual body ownership and agency, we found only partially significant differences. In summary, our study shows the general applicability of OST AR in the given context offering huge potential in future therapeutic scenarios. However, the comparative evaluation between OST AR, VST AR, and VR also revealed significant differences in relevant measures. Future work is mandatory to corroborate our findings and to classify the significance in a therapeutic context.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, pages = {350-359}, title = {Exploring Presence, Avatar Embodiment, and Body Perception with a Holographic Augmented Reality Mirror}, year = 2022 }
• Keppler, Sebastian, Nina Döllinger, Carolin Wienrich, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Johann Habakuk Israel. “Self-Touch: An Immersive Interaction-Technique to Enhance Body Awareness”. I-com 21, no. 3 (2022): 329-37. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/icom-2022-0028.
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  Physical well-being depends essentially on how the own body is perceived. A missing correspondence between the perception of one’s own body and reality can be distressing and eventually lead to mental illness. The touch of the own body is a multi-sensory experience to strengthen the feeling of the own body. We have developed an interaction technique that allows the self-touch of the own body in an immersive environment to support therapy procedures. Through additional visual feedback, we want to strengthen the feeling for the own body to achieve a sustainable effect in the own body perception. We conducted an expert evaluation to analyse the potential impact of our application and to localize and fix possible usability problems. The experts noted the ease of understanding and suitability of the interaction technique for increasing body awareness. However, the technical challenges such as stable and accurate body tracking were also mentioned. In addition, new ideas were given that would further support body awareness.

  @article{KepplerDöllingerWienrichLatoschikIsrael+2022+329+337, abstract = {Physical well-being depends essentially on how the own body is perceived. A missing correspondence between the perception of one’s own body and reality can be distressing and eventually lead to mental illness. The touch of the own body is a multi-sensory experience to strengthen the feeling of the own body. We have developed an interaction technique that allows the self-touch of the own body in an immersive environment to support therapy procedures. Through additional visual feedback, we want to strengthen the feeling for the own body to achieve a sustainable effect in the own body perception. We conducted an expert evaluation to analyse the potential impact of our application and to localize and fix possible usability problems. The experts noted the ease of understanding and suitability of the interaction technique for increasing body awareness. However, the technical challenges such as stable and accurate body tracking were also mentioned. In addition, new ideas were given that would further support body awareness.}, author = {Keppler, Sebastian and Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Israel, Johann Habakuk}, journal = {i-com}, keywords = {vitras}, number = 3, pages = {329–337}, title = {Self-Touch: An Immersive Interaction-Technique to Enhance Body Awareness}, volume = 21, year = 2022 }
• Döllinger, Nina, Erik Wolf, David Mal, Stephan Wenninger, Mario Botsch, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Resize Me! Exploring the User Experience of Embodied Realistic Modulatable Avatars for Body Image Intervention in Virtual Reality”. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.935449.
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  Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system's impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.

  @article{dollinger2022resizeme, abstract = {Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system's impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {change_experience}, title = {Resize Me! Exploring the User Experience of Embodied Realistic Modulatable Avatars for Body Image Intervention in Virtual Reality}, year = 2022 }
• Döllinger, Nina, Christopher Göttfert, Erik Wolf, David Mal, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Carolin Wienrich. “Analyzing Eye Tracking Data in Mirror Exposure”. In Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch Und Computer. https://downloads.hci.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/2022-muc-eyetracking_in_mirror_exposition-preprint.pdf.
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  Mirror exposure is an important method in the treatment of body image disturbances. Eye tracking can support the unaffected assessment of attention biases during mirror exposure. However, the analysis of eye tracking data in mirror exposure comes with various difficulties and is associated with a high manual workload during data processing. We present an automated data processing framework that enables us to determine any body part as an area of interest without placing markers on the bodies of participants. A short, formative user study proved the quality compared to the gold standard. The automatic processing and openness for different systems allow a broad range of applications.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2022eyetracking, abstract = {Mirror exposure is an important method in the treatment of body image disturbances. Eye tracking can support the unaffected assessment of attention biases during mirror exposure. However, the analysis of eye tracking data in mirror exposure comes with various difficulties and is associated with a high manual workload during data processing. We present an automated data processing framework that enables us to determine any body part as an area of interest without placing markers on the bodies of participants. A short, formative user study proved the quality compared to the gold standard. The automatic processing and openness for different systems allow a broad range of applications.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Göttfert, Christopher and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch und Computer}, keywords = {change_experience}, title = {Analyzing Eye Tracking Data in Mirror Exposure}, year = 2022 }

• Wienrich, Carolin, Nina Döllinger, Simon Kock, and Klaus Gramann. “User-Centered Extension of a Locomotion Typology: Movement-Related Sensory Feedback and Spatial Learning”. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 690-98. IEEE, 2019.
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  @inproceedings{wienrich2019user, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Döllinger, Nina and Kock, Simon and Gramann, Klaus}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {interaction_paradigm}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {690-698}, title = {User-Centered Extension of a Locomotion Typology: Movement-Related Sensory Feedback and Spatial Learning}, year = 2019 }

• Wienrich, Carolin, Nina Döllinger, Simon Kock, Kristina Schindler, and Ole Traupe. “Assessing User Experience in Virtual Reality-a Comparison of Different Measurements”. In International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability, 573-89. Springer, 2018.
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  @inproceedings{wienrich2018assessing, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Döllinger, Nina and Kock, Simon and Schindler, Kristina and Traupe, Ole}, booktitle = {International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability}, keywords = {change_experience}, organization = {Springer}, pages = {573-589}, title = {Assessing user experience in virtual reality-a comparison of different measurements}, year = 2018 }
• Wienrich, Carolin, Kristina Schindler, N Döllinqer, Simon Kock, and Ole Traupe. “Social Presence and Cooperation in Large-Scale Multi-User Virtual Reality-the Relevance of Social Interdependence for Location-Based Environments”. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 207-14. IEEE, 2018.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{wienrich2018social, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Schindler, Kristina and Döllinqer, N and Kock, Simon and Traupe, Ole}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {interaction_paradigm}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {207-214}, title = {Social presence and cooperation in large-scale multi-user virtual reality-the relevance of social interdependence for location-based environments}, year = 2018 }

• Brandenburg, Elisabeth, Nina Döllinger, Andreas Geiger, and Rainer Stark. “Kognitive Modelle Zur Virtuellen Absicherung Der Mentalen Belastung Bei Montagetätigkeiten”. In DFX 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium Design for X, 4-5 October 2017, Bamburg, Germany, 025-036. https://www.designsociety.org/publication/39979/Kognitive+Modelle+zur+virtuellen+Absicherung+der+mentalen+Belastung+bei+Montaget%C3%A4tigkeiten.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{elisabeth2017kognitive, author = {Brandenburg, Elisabeth and Döllinger, Nina and Geiger, Andreas and Stark, Rainer}, booktitle = {DFX 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium Design for X, 4-5 October 2017, Bamburg, Germany}, keywords = {ndoel}, pages = {025–036}, title = {Kognitive Modelle zur virtuellen Absicherung der mentalen Belastung bei Montagetätigkeiten}, year = 2017 }

• Weber, Bernhard, Katharina Hertkorn, Nina Döllinger, and Philipp Kremer. “Visuelle Assistenz Bei telepräsenten Objektmanipulationen Mit Einem Humanoiden Roboter”. Tagungsband 55. Fachausschusssitzung Anthropotechnik, 2013. https://elib.dlr.de/84967/.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{weber2013visuelle, author = {Weber, Bernhard and Hertkorn, Katharina and Döllinger, Nina and Kremer, Philipp}, journal = {Tagungsband 55. Fachausschusssitzung Anthropotechnik}, keywords = {ndoel}, title = {Visuelle Assistenz bei telepräsenten Objektmanipulationen mit einem humanoiden Roboter}, year = 2013 }