Publikationen

• Baur, Cordula, Tamara Friedenberger, Franzisca Maas, Louisa Maurer, and Jörn Hurtienne. “LINKING THEORY AND PRACTICE: Developing an Image-Schema-Based Design Tool for Closeness Technologies”. In. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715336.3735418.
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  @inproceedings{baur2025linking, author = {Baur, Cordula and Friedenberger, Tamara and Maas, Franzisca and Maurer, Louisa and Hurtienne, Jörn}, keywords = {hurtienne}, title = {LINKING THEORY AND PRACTICE: Developing an Image-Schema-based Design Tool for Closeness Technologies}, year = 2025 }
• Heinisch, Melina Joline, Sara Wolf, Franzisca Maas, and Stephan Huber. “Participation User Experience: A Call to Better Manage the Most Important Resource in User-Centered Design”. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI EA ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3719918.
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  Participating users are the foundation of user-centered design. However, there is a limited understanding of their motivation, engagement, and experience participating in research. In this work, we propose the concept of Participation User Experience (PUX), which addresses participants’ experiences in user-centered design. To set a scope for PUX, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis on workshop data involving 20 experienced user-centered design practitioners and researchers. The analysis yielded five themes, making explicit aspects of PUX that have been implicitly considered and how their consideration could be improved. Great potential lies in addressing intrinsic motivations over extrinsic incentives and developing more structured approaches to planning and measuring PUX to mitigate various sources of bias related to incentives or Experimenter Effects. We contribute to a first understanding of PUX, point to persisting research gaps, and present practical implications for improving participants’ experiences in user-centered design.

  @inproceedings{heinisch2025participation, abstract = {Participating users are the foundation of user-centered design. However, there is a limited understanding of their motivation, engagement, and experience participating in research. In this work, we propose the concept of Participation User Experience (PUX), which addresses participants’ experiences in user-centered design. To set a scope for PUX, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis on workshop data involving 20 experienced user-centered design practitioners and researchers. The analysis yielded five themes, making explicit aspects of PUX that have been implicitly considered and how their consideration could be improved. Great potential lies in addressing intrinsic motivations over extrinsic incentives and developing more structured approaches to planning and measuring PUX to mitigate various sources of bias related to incentives or Experimenter Effects. We contribute to a first understanding of PUX, point to persisting research gaps, and present practical implications for improving participants’ experiences in user-centered design.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Heinisch, Melina Joline and Wolf, Sara and Maas, Franzisca and Huber, Stephan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '25}, title = {Participation User Experience: A Call to Better Manage the Most Important Resource in User-Centered Design}, year = 2025 }
• Wolf, Sara, Tobias Grundgeiger, Raphael Z\"{a}hringer, Lora Shishkova, Franzisca Maas, Christina Dilling, and Oliver Happel. “How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation”. In Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713372.
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  Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decision-making in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.

  @inproceedings{wolf2025clinical, abstract = {Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decision-making in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Wolf, Sara and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Z\"{a}hringer, Raphael and Shishkova, Lora and Maas, Franzisca and Dilling, Christina and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI '25}, title = {How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation}, year = 2025 }

• Maas, Franzisca, Torben Volkman, Julian Jarke, Arne Berger, Andreas Bischof, Sandra Buchmüller, Claude Draude, et al. “Partizipative Und Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung”. Bonn, DE: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws18-104.
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  In this workshop, researchers and practitioners will meet to exchange ideas and discuss the participation of people in technology design processes. They will explore the question of how participation can meet the demand for democratisation and empowerment in research and practice. The workshop also serves as the annual meeting of the "Fachgruppe Partizipation" in the Human-Computer Interaction (MCI) section of the German Informatics Society (GI).

  @misc{maas2024partizipative, abstract = {In this workshop, researchers and practitioners will meet to exchange ideas and discuss the participation of people in technology design processes. They will explore the question of how participation can meet the demand for democratisation and empowerment in research and practice. The workshop also serves as the annual meeting of the "Fachgruppe Partizipation" in the Human-Computer Interaction (MCI) section of the German Informatics Society (GI).}, address = {Bonn, DE}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Volkman, Torben and Jarke, Julian and Berger, Arne and Bischof, Andreas and Buchmüller, Sandra and Draude, Claude and Gaertner, Wanda and Horn, Viktoria and Maaß, Susanne and Marsden, Nicola and Mucha, Henrik and Struzek, David and Stepczynski, Jan and Wolf, Sara}, howpublished = {Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Partizipative und Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung}, year = 2024 }
• Markum, Robert B., Franzisca Maas, Sara Wolf, Brett A. Halperin, Caroline Claisse, and Elizabeth Buie. “Navigating Intersections of Religion Spirituality and Human-Computer Interaction”. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. NordiCHI ’24 Adjunct. Uppsala, Sweden: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3677045.3685453.
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  Religion and spirituality (R/S) are an important part of many people’s lives, and while HCI is increasingly engaged in research and design in specific R/S contexts, there are many cases where researchers or designers encounter R/S outside of such contexts. In this workshop, we seek to bring together HCI researchers and designers across all research areas and with varying levels of experience with R/S to discuss encounters with R/S in their work, either intentional or not, and to develop principles and strategies to guide HCI research and design that intersects with R/S. Through this workshop, we also seek to further establish a network of scholars who can provide each other support in navigating R/S-related challenges and opportunities in their work and can participate in publication-oriented collaborations that consider the intersection of R/S and HCI.

  @inproceedings{markum2024navigating, abstract = {Religion and spirituality (R/S) are an important part of many people’s lives, and while HCI is increasingly engaged in research and design in specific R/S contexts, there are many cases where researchers or designers encounter R/S outside of such contexts. In this workshop, we seek to bring together HCI researchers and designers across all research areas and with varying levels of experience with R/S to discuss encounters with R/S in their work, either intentional or not, and to develop principles and strategies to guide HCI research and design that intersects with R/S. Through this workshop, we also seek to further establish a network of scholars who can provide each other support in navigating R/S-related challenges and opportunities in their work and can participate in publication-oriented collaborations that consider the intersection of R/S and HCI.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Markum, Robert B. and Maas, Franzisca and Wolf, Sara and Halperin, Brett A. and Claisse, Caroline and Buie, Elizabeth}, booktitle = {Adjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {NordiCHI '24 Adjunct}, title = {Navigating Intersections of Religion/Spirituality and Human-Computer Interaction}, year = 2024 }

• Licht, Eva, Cordula Baur, Franzisca Maas, Tamara Friedenberger, Fabian Hemmert, and Jörn Hurtienne. “Designing XR Games That Bring Us Closer: A Workshop to Combine Game Design and Psychological Determinants of Closeness”. In Proceedings of the MuM’23 Workshops on Making a Real Connection and Interruptions and Attention Management, edited by Simone Kriglstein and Philipp Wintersberger, Vol. 3712. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Vienna, Austria: CEUR, 2023. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3712/#paper1.
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  @inproceedings{licht2023designing, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Licht, Eva and Baur, Cordula and Maas, Franzisca and Friedenberger, Tamara and Hemmert, Fabian and Hurtienne, Jörn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the MuM’23 Workshops on Making a Real Connection and Interruptions and Attention Management}, editor = {Kriglstein, Simone and Wintersberger, Philipp}, keywords = {hurtienne}, month = 12, publisher = {CEUR}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Designing XR Games that Bring us Closer: A Workshop to Combine Game Design and Psychological Determinants of Closeness}, volume = 3712, year = 2023 }
• Maas, Franzisca, Sara Wolf, Michael Weber, Marie Luisa Fiedler, Nils Zottmann, Marlene Lester, Jonathan Hohm, et al. “‘hubbel’: A Hybrid Letterbox That Stimulates Civic Participation Through Local Information Sharing in Neighbourhoods”. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1826–1841. DIS ’23. ACM, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563657.3596116.
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  Local civic participation is essential to democracy. Yet, citizens need to be informed about local matters to get involved. Becoming and staying informed about developments in one’s neighbourhood is difficult as local knowledge is scattered among online and offline sources, hard to find and understand. Using participatory Contextual Design we curated a novel form of participation with the interactive artifact "hubbel", which combines the digital and the analogue through a hybrid letterbox to crowd-source local knowledge. During our two-month in-the-wild evaluation, the hubbel was heavily used (260 postcards, 2067 visits). It stimulated democratic discourse and (offline) political participation by rendering tacit local issues visible. We propose ways to improve the hubbel’s design so that citizens can more easily share their expertise with others and to avoid harmful consequences like pseudo-participation. Finally, the hubbel demonstrates why analogue components are indispensable for civic participation tools. Supplements and open-source code: OSF-Link [https://osf.io/jcgue/].

  @inproceedings{Maas_2023, abstract = {Local civic participation is essential to democracy. Yet, citizens need to be informed about local matters to get involved. Becoming and staying informed about developments in one’s neighbourhood is difficult as local knowledge is scattered among online and offline sources, hard to find and understand. Using participatory Contextual Design we curated a novel form of participation with the interactive artifact "hubbel", which combines the digital and the analogue through a hybrid letterbox to crowd-source local knowledge. During our two-month in-the-wild evaluation, the hubbel was heavily used (260 postcards, 2067 visits). It stimulated democratic discourse and (offline) political participation by rendering tacit local issues visible. We propose ways to improve the hubbel’s design so that citizens can more easily share their expertise with others and to avoid harmful consequences like pseudo-participation. Finally, the hubbel demonstrates why analogue components are indispensable for civic participation tools. Supplements and open-source code: OSF-Link [https://osf.io/jcgue/].}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Wolf, Sara and Weber, Michael and Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Zottmann, Nils and Lester, Marlene and Hohm, Jonathan and Sessler, Luise and Schmitt, Katja Patricia and Balser, Andreas and Heinisch, Melina Joline and Hofmann, Tabea Carolina and Maier, Simon and Ölschläger, Amanda and Popp, Alisa and Hurtienne, Jörn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference}, keywords = {hurtienne}, month = {07}, pages = {1826–1841}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {DIS ’23}, title = {“hubbel”: A Hybrid Letterbox That Stimulates Civic Participation Through Local Information Sharing in Neighbourhoods}, year = 2023 }
• Markum, Robert B., Sara Wolf, Michael Hoefer, and Franzisca Maas. “Designing Tangible Interactive Artifacts for Religious and Spiritual Purposes”. In Companion Publication of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 117–120. DIS ’23 Companion. Pittsburgh, PA, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563703.3591463.
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  From candles to prayer beads to icons and more, tangible artifacts have long played a central role in religious and spiritual life. However, despite growing interest in HCI on design within religious and spiritual contexts, the intentional design of tangible interactive artifacts for religious or spiritual purposes is still relatively uncommon. This workshop aims at advancing our understanding of tangible interactive artifact design in religious and spiritual contexts and how religious and spiritual purposes may offer alternative approaches to design. We invite those interested from all professional and religious/spiritual backgrounds to imagine and design tangible interactive artifacts for religious or spiritual purposes such as beliefs, practices, or rituals. The workshop will include the demonstration of (imagined) artifacts, reflection on designing for religious/spiritual purposes, and hands-on design sessions.

  @inproceedings{markum2023designing, abstract = {From candles to prayer beads to icons and more, tangible artifacts have long played a central role in religious and spiritual life. However, despite growing interest in HCI on design within religious and spiritual contexts, the intentional design of tangible interactive artifacts for religious or spiritual purposes is still relatively uncommon. This workshop aims at advancing our understanding of tangible interactive artifact design in religious and spiritual contexts and how religious and spiritual purposes may offer alternative approaches to design. We invite those interested from all professional and religious/spiritual backgrounds to imagine and design tangible interactive artifacts for religious or spiritual purposes such as beliefs, practices, or rituals. The workshop will include the demonstration of (imagined) artifacts, reflection on designing for religious/spiritual purposes, and hands-on design sessions.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Markum, Robert B. and Wolf, Sara and Hoefer, Michael and Maas, Franzisca}, booktitle = {Companion Publication of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference}, keywords = {wolf}, pages = {117–120}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {DIS '23 Companion}, title = {Designing Tangible Interactive Artifacts for Religious and Spiritual Purposes}, year = 2023 }
• Berger, Arne, Henrik Mucha, Viktoria Horn, Andreas Bischof, Torben Volkmann, Claude Draude, Alexa Becker, et al. “Partizipative Und Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung”. Bonn, DE: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2023. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2023-mci-ws02-103.
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  Im Workshop treffen sich Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen zu Austausch und Diskussion über die Beteiligung von Nutzer*innen an Technikentwicklungsprozessen. Sie gehen dabei der Frage nach, wie Partizipation dem Anspruch auf Demokratisierung und Empowerment in Forschung und Praxis gerecht werden kann. Der Workshop dient auch als jährliches Treffen der Fachgruppe „Partizipation“ im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI).

  @misc{berger2023partizipative, abstract = {Im Workshop treffen sich Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen zu Austausch und Diskussion über die Beteiligung von Nutzer*innen an Technikentwicklungsprozessen. Sie gehen dabei der Frage nach, wie Partizipation dem Anspruch auf Demokratisierung und Empowerment in Forschung und Praxis gerecht werden kann. Der Workshop dient auch als jährliches Treffen der Fachgruppe „Partizipation“ im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI).}, address = {Bonn, DE}, author = {Berger, Arne and Mucha, Henrik and Horn, Viktoria and Bischof, Andreas and Volkmann, Torben and Draude, Claude and Becker, Alexa and Haupt, Benedikt and Jarke, Juliane and Maas, Franzisca and Wolf, Sara and Dhungel, Anna-Katharina and Buchmüller, Sandra and Marsden, Nicola 0}, howpublished = {Mensch und Computer 2023 - Workshopband}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Partizipative und Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung}, year = 2023 }

• Wolf, Sara, Franzisca Maas, Pauline K\"{u}nzl, Anna Hohm, and J\"{o}rn Hurtienne. “UNeedS: Development of Scales to Measure the Satisfaction and Frustration of 13 Fundamental Needs”. In Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2022, 539–544. MuC ’22. Darmstadt, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3543758.3547572.
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  Good user experience can be described as the result of satisfying fundamental human needs through interaction with technology. Therefore, HCI researchers and practitioners strive to promote need satisfaction and avoid need frustration through their technology and interaction designs. However, HCI lacks appropriate measurement instruments to examine and evaluate experiences with technology in terms of their satisfaction (or frustration) of needs. Instead, researchers and practitioners frequently use measurement instruments developed in (consumer) psychology that are not tailored to the needs of HCI. Here we report on the development of the User Needs Scales (UNeedS), a set of scales designed to measure the satisfaction and frustration of 13 fundamental needs identified for HCI, and report on our first experiences applying it. Preliminary data indicate good item qualities and internal consistencies, but further research must substantiate these claims. All scales and the full UNeedS are available in the supplemental materials.

  @inproceedings{wolf2022uneeds, abstract = {Good user experience can be described as the result of satisfying fundamental human needs through interaction with technology. Therefore, HCI researchers and practitioners strive to promote need satisfaction and avoid need frustration through their technology and interaction designs. However, HCI lacks appropriate measurement instruments to examine and evaluate experiences with technology in terms of their satisfaction (or frustration) of needs. Instead, researchers and practitioners frequently use measurement instruments developed in (consumer) psychology that are not tailored to the needs of HCI. Here we report on the development of the User Needs Scales (UNeedS), a set of scales designed to measure the satisfaction and frustration of 13 fundamental needs identified for HCI, and report on our first experiences applying it. Preliminary data indicate good item qualities and internal consistencies, but further research must substantiate these claims. All scales and the full UNeedS are available in the supplemental materials.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Wolf, Sara and Maas, Franzisca and K\"{u}nzl, Pauline and Hohm, Anna and Hurtienne, J\"{o}rn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2022}, keywords = {hurtienne}, pages = {539–544}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {MuC '22}, title = {UNeedS: Development of Scales to Measure the Satisfaction and Frustration of 13 Fundamental Needs}, year = 2022 }
• Mucha, Henrik, Ana Correia de Barros, Jesse Josua Benjamin, Christoph Benzmüller, Andreas Bischof, Sandra Buchmüller, Alexandra de Carvalho, et al. “Collaborative Speculations on Future Themes for Participatory Design in Germany”. I-com 21, no. 2 (2022): 283-98. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/icom-2021-0030.
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  Participatory Design means recognizing that those who will be affected by a future technology should have an active say in its creation. Yet, despite continuous interest in involving people as future users and consumers into designing novel and innovative future technology, participatory approaches in technology design remain relatively underdeveloped in the German HCI community. This article brings together the diversity of voices, domains, perspectives, approaches, and methods that collectively shape Participatory Design in Germany. In the following, we (1) outline our understanding of participatory practice and how it is different from mere user involvement; (2) reflect current issues of participatory and fair technology design within the German Participatory Design community; and (3) discuss tensions relevant to the field, that we expect to arise in the future, and which we derived from our 2021 workshop through a speculative method. We contribute an introduction and an overview of current themes and a speculative outlook on future issues of Participatory Design in Germany. It is meant to inform, provoke, inspire and, ultimately, invite participation within the wider Computer Science community.

  @article{mucha2022collaborative, abstract = {Participatory Design means recognizing that those who will be affected by a future technology should have an active say in its creation. Yet, despite continuous interest in involving people as future users and consumers into designing novel and innovative future technology, participatory approaches in technology design remain relatively underdeveloped in the German HCI community. This article brings together the diversity of voices, domains, perspectives, approaches, and methods that collectively shape Participatory Design in Germany. In the following, we (1) outline our understanding of participatory practice and how it is different from mere user involvement; (2) reflect current issues of participatory and fair technology design within the German Participatory Design community; and (3) discuss tensions relevant to the field, that we expect to arise in the future, and which we derived from our 2021 workshop through a speculative method. We contribute an introduction and an overview of current themes and a speculative outlook on future issues of Participatory Design in Germany. It is meant to inform, provoke, inspire and, ultimately, invite participation within the wider Computer Science community.}, author = {Mucha, Henrik and de Barros, Ana Correia and Benjamin, Jesse Josua and Benzmüller, Christoph and Bischof, Andreas and Buchmüller, Sandra and de Carvalho, Alexandra and Dhungel, Anna-Katharina and Draude, Claude and Fleck, Marc-Julian and Jarke, Juliane and Klein, Stefanie and Kortekaas, Caroline and Kurze, Albrecht and Linke, Diane and Maas, Franzisca and Marsden, Nicola and Melo, Ricardo and Michel, Susanne and Müller-Birn, Claudia and Pröbster, Monika and Rießenberger, Katja Antonia and Schäfer, Mirko Tobias and Sörries, Peter and Stilke, Julia and Volkmann, Torben and Weibert, Anne and Weinhold, Wilhelm and Wolf, Sara and Zorn, Isabel and Heidt, Michael and Berger, Arne}, journal = {i-com}, keywords = {wolf}, number = 2, pages = {283–298}, title = {Collaborative Speculations on Future Themes for Participatory Design in Germany}, volume = 21, year = 2022 }
• Eder, Andreas B., Franzisca Maas, Alexander Schubmann, Anand Krishna, and Thorsten M. Erle. “Motivations Underlying Self-Infliction of Pain During Thinking for Pleasure”. Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 11247. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14775-w.
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  Previous research suggested that people prefer to administer unpleasant electric shocks to themselves rather than being left alone with their thoughts because engagement in thinking is an unpleasant activity. The present research examined this negative reinforcement hypothesis by giving participants a choice of distracting themselves with the generation of electric shock causing no to intense pain. Four experiments (N{\thinspace}={\thinspace}254) replicated the result that a large proportion of participants opted to administer painful shocks to themselves during the thinking period. However, they administered strong electric shocks to themselves even when an innocuous response option generating no or a mild shock was available. Furthermore, participants inflicted pain to themselves when they were assisted in the generation of pleasant thoughts during the waiting period, with no difference between pleasant versus unpleasant thought conditions. Overall, these results question that the primary motivation for the self-administration of painful shocks is avoidance of thinking. Instead, it seems that the self-infliction of pain was attractive for many participants, because they were curious about the shocks, their intensities, and the effects they would have on them.

  @article{eder2022motivations, abstract = {Previous research suggested that people prefer to administer unpleasant electric shocks to themselves rather than being left alone with their thoughts because engagement in thinking is an unpleasant activity. The present research examined this negative reinforcement hypothesis by giving participants a choice of distracting themselves with the generation of electric shock causing no to intense pain. Four experiments (N{\thinspace}={\thinspace}254) replicated the result that a large proportion of participants opted to administer painful shocks to themselves during the thinking period. However, they administered strong electric shocks to themselves even when an innocuous response option generating no or a mild shock was available. Furthermore, participants inflicted pain to themselves when they were assisted in the generation of pleasant thoughts during the waiting period, with no difference between pleasant versus unpleasant thought conditions. Overall, these results question that the primary motivation for the self-administration of painful shocks is avoidance of thinking. Instead, it seems that the self-infliction of pain was attractive for many participants, because they were curious about the shocks, their intensities, and the effects they would have on them.}, author = {Eder, Andreas B. and Maas, Franzisca and Schubmann, Alexander and Krishna, Anand and Erle, Thorsten M.}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, keywords = {maas}, month = {07}, number = 1, pages = 11247, title = {Motivations underlying self-infliction of pain during thinking for pleasure}, volume = 12, year = 2022 }

• Maas, Franzisca, Sara Wolf, Anna Hohm, and Jörn Hurtienne. “Citizen Needs – To Be Considered: Requirements for Local Civic Participation Tools”. I-com 20, no. 2 (August 2021): 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0013.
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  In this paper, we argue for and present an empirical study of putting citizens into focus during the early stages of designing tools for civic participation in a midsized German town. Drawing on Contextual and Participatory Design, we involved 105 participants by conducting interviews, using Photovoice and participating in a local neighbourhood meeting. Together with citizens, we built an Affinity Diagram, consolidated the data and identified key insights. As a result, we present and discuss different participation identities such as Motivated Activists, Convenience Participants or Companions and a collection of citizen needs for local civic participation, e. g., personal contact is irreplaceable for motivation, trust and mutual understanding, and some citizens preferred to “stumble across” information rather than actively searching for it. We use existing participation tools to demonstrate how individual needs could be addressed. Finally, we apply our insights to an example in our local context. We conclude that if we want to build digital tools that go beyond tokenistic, top-down ways of civic participation and that treat citizens as one homogeneous group, citizens need to be part of the design process right from the start. Supplemental material can be retrieved from https://osf.io/rxd7h/.

  @article{maas2021citizen, abstract = {In this paper, we argue for and present an empirical study of putting citizens into focus during the early stages of designing tools for civic participation in a midsized German town. Drawing on Contextual and Participatory Design, we involved 105 participants by conducting interviews, using Photovoice and participating in a local neighbourhood meeting. Together with citizens, we built an Affinity Diagram, consolidated the data and identified key insights. As a result, we present and discuss different participation identities such as Motivated Activists, Convenience Participants or Companions and a collection of citizen needs for local civic participation, e. g., personal contact is irreplaceable for motivation, trust and mutual understanding, and some citizens preferred to “stumble across” information rather than actively searching for it. We use existing participation tools to demonstrate how individual needs could be addressed. Finally, we apply our insights to an example in our local context. We conclude that if we want to build digital tools that go beyond tokenistic, top-down ways of civic participation and that treat citizens as one homogeneous group, citizens need to be part of the design process right from the start. Supplemental material can be retrieved from https://osf.io/rxd7h/.}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Wolf, Sara and Hohm, Anna and Hurtienne, Jörn}, journal = {i-com}, keywords = {hurtienne}, month = {08}, number = 2, pages = {141–159}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, title = {Citizen Needs – To Be Considered: Requirements for Local Civic Participation Tools}, volume = 20, year = 2021 }
• Mucha, Henrik, Franzisca Maas, Claude Draude, Julia Stilke, Juliane Jarke, Andreas Bischof, Nicola Marsden, et al. “Partizipative & Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung”. Bonn, DE: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2021-mci-ws06-114.
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  Im Workshop treffen sich Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen zu Austausch und Diskussion über die Beteiligung von Nutzer*innen an Technikentwicklungsprozessen. Sie gehen dabei der Frage nach, wie Partizipation dem Anspruch auf Demokratisierung und Empowerment in Forschung und Praxis gerecht werden kann. Der Workshop dient auch als ja hrliches Treffen der Fachgruppe „Partizipation“ im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) der Gesellschaft fu r Informatik (GI).

  @misc{mucha2021partizipative, abstract = {Im Workshop treffen sich Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen zu Austausch und Diskussion über die Beteiligung von Nutzer*innen an Technikentwicklungsprozessen. Sie gehen dabei der Frage nach, wie Partizipation dem Anspruch auf Demokratisierung und Empowerment in Forschung und Praxis gerecht werden kann. Der Workshop dient auch als ja hrliches Treffen der Fachgruppe „Partizipation“ im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) der Gesellschaft fu r Informatik (GI).}, address = {Bonn, DE}, author = {Mucha, Henrik and Maas, Franzisca and Draude, Claude and Stilke, Julia and Jarke, Juliane and Bischof, Andreas and Marsden, Nicola and Berger, Arne and Wolf, Sara and Buchmüller, Sandra and Maaß, Susanne}, howpublished = {Mensch und Computer 2021 - Workshopband}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Partizipative & Sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung}, year = 2021 }
• Maas, Franzisca, and Sara Wolf. “Und Dann Kam Corona: Ein Technikentwicklungsprojekt Zwischen Partizipation Und Wirklichkeit”. Bonn, DE: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2021-mci-ws06-334.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Kontakt zu anderen Menschen wurde durch die Coronapandemie massiv eingeschränkt bis unmöglich. In unserem Projekt gestalten wir gemeinsam mit Bürger:innen Tools zur Bürgerbeteiligung und standen nun vor der Frage wie wir unsere Arbeit dennoch fortsetzen konnten. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir anhand eines Fallbeispiels wie wir unser Projekt angepasst haben, um weiterhin partizipativ mit Bürger:innen designen zu können und auf welche Herausforderungen wir dabei gestoßen sind.

  @misc{maas2021corona, abstract = {Kontakt zu anderen Menschen wurde durch die Coronapandemie massiv eingeschränkt bis unmöglich. In unserem Projekt gestalten wir gemeinsam mit Bürger:innen Tools zur Bürgerbeteiligung und standen nun vor der Frage wie wir unsere Arbeit dennoch fortsetzen konnten. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir anhand eines Fallbeispiels wie wir unser Projekt angepasst haben, um weiterhin partizipativ mit Bürger:innen designen zu können und auf welche Herausforderungen wir dabei gestoßen sind.}, address = {Bonn, DE}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Wolf, Sara}, howpublished = {Mensch und Computer 2021 - Workshopband}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Und dann kam Corona: Ein Technikentwicklungsprojekt zwischen Partizipation und Wirklichkeit}, year = 2021 }

• Hurtienne, Jörn, Franzisca Maas, Astrid Carolus, Daniel Reinhardt, Cordula Baur, and Carolin Wienrich. “Move&Find: The Value of Kinaesthetic Experience in a Casual Data Representation”. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 40, no. 6 (November 2020): 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2020.3025385.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  The value of a data representation is traditionally judged based on aspects like effectiveness and efficiency that are important in utilitarian or work-related contexts. Most multisensory data representations, however, are employed in casual contexts where creativity, affective, physical, intellectual, and social engagement might be of greater value. We introduce Move&Find, a multisensory data representation in which people pedalled on a bicycle to exert the energy required to power a search query on Google's servers. To evaluate Move&Find, we operationalized a framework suitable to evaluate the value of data representations in casual contexts and experimentally compared Move&Find to a corresponding visualization. With Move&Find, participants achieved a higher understanding of the data. Move&Find was judged to be more creative and encouraged more physical and social engagement—components of value that would have been missed using more traditional evaluation frameworks.

  @article{9201404, abstract = {The value of a data representation is traditionally judged based on aspects like effectiveness and efficiency that are important in utilitarian or work-related contexts. Most multisensory data representations, however, are employed in casual contexts where creativity, affective, physical, intellectual, and social engagement might be of greater value. We introduce Move&Find, a multisensory data representation in which people pedalled on a bicycle to exert the energy required to power a search query on Google's servers. To evaluate Move&Find, we operationalized a framework suitable to evaluate the value of data representations in casual contexts and experimentally compared Move&Find to a corresponding visualization. With Move&Find, participants achieved a higher understanding of the data. Move&Find was judged to be more creative and encouraged more physical and social engagement—components of value that would have been missed using more traditional evaluation frameworks.}, author = {Hurtienne, Jörn and Maas, Franzisca and Carolus, Astrid and Reinhardt, Daniel and Baur, Cordula and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications}, keywords = {hurtienne}, month = 11, number = 6, pages = {61-75}, title = {Move&Find: The Value of Kinaesthetic Experience in a Casual Data Representation}, volume = 40, year = 2020 }
• Maas, Franzisca, and Sara Klüber. “Don’t Be Afraid of Dystopias: Talking about Values in PD Processes”. In Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 2, 181–184. Manizales Colombia: ACM, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3384772.3385163.
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  @inproceedings{klber2020afraid, address = {Manizales Colombia}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Klüber, Sara}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 2}, keywords = {wolf}, month = {06}, pages = {181–184}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Don’t be Afraid of Dystopias: Talking about Values in PD Processes}, year = 2020 }
• Maas, Franzisca, and Sara Klüber. “‘Lasst Uns Gesichtserkennung Auf Dem Marktplatz einsetzen’: Warum Dystopien PD Projekte Voranbringen”. Bonn, DE: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V, 2020. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2020-ws109-329.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage welche Konsequenzen Participatory Design bei der Gestaltung von intelligenten, komplexen Systemen hat und zeigt beispielhaft wie PD durch das Zulassen von dystopischen Visionen während der Ideenfindung zu sozialverträglicher Technikentwicklung beitragen kann. Wir berichten dafür ein Fallbeispiel aus dem ForDemocracy Projekt, bei welchem wir gemeinsam mit Bürger:innen Designideen zur digitalen Bürgerbeteiligung entwickelten. In einer Ideationphase entwickelten Bürger:innen zunächst auch dystopische Ideen, die beispielsweise Gesichtserkennung im öffentlichen Raum vorsahen. Doch, anders als vielleicht erwartet, wurden diese Ideen nicht zum Problem, sondern zur Chance, denn sie provozierten Gegenreaktionen und Diskussionen. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die Teilnehmer:innen über Meinungen, Werte und Vorwissen verfügten, die sie befähigten die entstandenen Ideen kritisch zu hinterfragen, zu diskutieren und schließlich in der Gruppe zu verbessern. Wir sind der Ansicht, dass PD prädestiniert ist, um auch komplexere technische Systeme zu entwickeln und möchten andere ermutigen dystopische Ideen zuzulassen und die daraus resultierenden Diskussionen zu nutzen.

  @misc{maas2020lasst, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage welche Konsequenzen Participatory Design bei der Gestaltung von intelligenten, komplexen Systemen hat und zeigt beispielhaft wie PD durch das Zulassen von dystopischen Visionen während der Ideenfindung zu sozialverträglicher Technikentwicklung beitragen kann. Wir berichten dafür ein Fallbeispiel aus dem ForDemocracy Projekt, bei welchem wir gemeinsam mit Bürger:innen Designideen zur digitalen Bürgerbeteiligung entwickelten. In einer Ideationphase entwickelten Bürger:innen zunächst auch dystopische Ideen, die beispielsweise Gesichtserkennung im öffentlichen Raum vorsahen. Doch, anders als vielleicht erwartet, wurden diese Ideen nicht zum Problem, sondern zur Chance, denn sie provozierten Gegenreaktionen und Diskussionen. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die Teilnehmer:innen über Meinungen, Werte und Vorwissen verfügten, die sie befähigten die entstandenen Ideen kritisch zu hinterfragen, zu diskutieren und schließlich in der Gruppe zu verbessern. Wir sind der Ansicht, dass PD prädestiniert ist, um auch komplexere technische Systeme zu entwickeln und möchten andere ermutigen dystopische Ideen zuzulassen und die daraus resultierenden Diskussionen zu nutzen.}, address = {Bonn, DE}, author = {Maas, Franzisca and Klüber, Sara}, howpublished = {Mensch und Computer 2020 - Workshopband}, keywords = {wolf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {“Lasst uns Gesichtserkennung auf dem Marktplatz einsetzen”: Warum Dystopien PD Projekte voranbringen}, year = 2020 }
• Kl\"{u}ber, Sara, Franzisca Maas, David Schraudt, Gina Hermann, Oliver Happel, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Experience Matters: Design and Evaluation of an Anesthesia Support Tool Guided by User Experience Theory”. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1523–1535. DIS ’20. Eindhoven, Netherlands: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395552.
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  Despite many advances, clinical decision support tools (DSTs) often suffer from implementation and acceptance problems in the actual clinical context. We suggest that considering psychological needs-based and embodied user experience theories in the design of DSTs could help to overcome these problems. To examine this idea, we iteratively developed a DST called Cassandra supporting anesthetic teams in crisis management, specifically focusing on psychological needs and fluent interaction with the social and physical environment. We preliminarily evaluated Cassandra in a medical simulation, requiring anesthetic teams to handle a crisis. Although not all features of Cassandra had the intended effect, the results indicated that interacting with Cassandra supported the fulfillment of the identified needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and was seamlessly integrated into existing diagnostic processes. Considering user experience theories for the design of DSTs seems a promising way to overcome implementation and acceptance problems and eventually improve patient safety.

  @inproceedings{kluber2020experience, abstract = {Despite many advances, clinical decision support tools (DSTs) often suffer from implementation and acceptance problems in the actual clinical context. We suggest that considering psychological needs-based and embodied user experience theories in the design of DSTs could help to overcome these problems. To examine this idea, we iteratively developed a DST called Cassandra supporting anesthetic teams in crisis management, specifically focusing on psychological needs and fluent interaction with the social and physical environment. We preliminarily evaluated Cassandra in a medical simulation, requiring anesthetic teams to handle a crisis. Although not all features of Cassandra had the intended effect, the results indicated that interacting with Cassandra supported the fulfillment of the identified needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and was seamlessly integrated into existing diagnostic processes. Considering user experience theories for the design of DSTs seems a promising way to overcome implementation and acceptance problems and eventually improve patient safety.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Kl\"{u}ber, Sara and Maas, Franzisca and Schraudt, David and Hermann, Gina and Happel, Oliver and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1523–1535}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {DIS '20}, title = {Experience Matters: Design and Evaluation of an Anesthesia Support Tool Guided by User Experience Theory}, year = 2020 }
• Kl\"{u}ber, Sara, Franzisca Maas, Anna Hohm, and J\"{o}rn Hurtienne. “Participant’s View: Short-Term Evaluation of Realizing PD Ideals”. In Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 2, 138–142. PDC ’20. Manizales, Colombia: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3384772.3385145.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Participatory Design (PD) has long been described as a way to democratize technology development by involving those affected by the outcomes. Besides a good fit of technology as the outcome, PD allows participants to ‘have a say’, and supports ‘mutual learning’ and ‘co-realization’. A diverse range of PD methods has been developed, but there is a shortage of empirical studies showing whether (and why) these methods help pursue PD ideals. We therefore report on a case study of a short-term evaluation approach that may exemplary close this gap, and that allowed us to gain more knowledge on how our method affected participants. Participants perceived moderate to high feelings of ‘having a say’, ‘mutual learning’, and ‘co-realization’. In future research, mutual learning may exemplarily be improved by introducing a changing peer-to-peer procedure to the method. The evaluation may further be advanced by taking expectations into account.

  @inproceedings{kluber2020participants, abstract = {Participatory Design (PD) has long been described as a way to democratize technology development by involving those affected by the outcomes. Besides a good fit of technology as the outcome, PD allows participants to ‘have a say’, and supports ‘mutual learning’ and ‘co-realization’. A diverse range of PD methods has been developed, but there is a shortage of empirical studies showing whether (and why) these methods help pursue PD ideals. We therefore report on a case study of a short-term evaluation approach that may exemplary close this gap, and that allowed us to gain more knowledge on how our method affected participants. Participants perceived moderate to high feelings of ‘having a say’, ‘mutual learning’, and ‘co-realization’. In future research, mutual learning may exemplarily be improved by introducing a changing peer-to-peer procedure to the method. The evaluation may further be advanced by taking expectations into account.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Kl\"{u}ber, Sara and Maas, Franzisca and Hohm, Anna and Hurtienne, J\"{o}rn}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 2}, keywords = {hurtienne}, pages = {138–142}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {PDC '20}, title = {Participant's View: Short-Term Evaluation of Realizing PD Ideals}, year = 2020 }