Publikationen

• Huber, Stephan, Lea Weppert, Lennart Baumeister, Oliver Happel, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Team Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology – A Scoping Review”. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–13. CHI EA ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3720186.
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  When referring to the role of newly proposed clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI), recent work inflationary uses the term Human-AI Team. However, the roles foreseen for AI systems within teams remain unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature on AI deployment in anesthesiology and found that most AI system papers only describe algorithms. We identified 57 interactive systems and assigned six roles based on described behavior, tasks, and interactions. While the most prevalent role was task completer, some AI systems also served their team as problem solvers, evaluators, task motivators, or even teamwork support and team leaders. We contribute (1) a classification system for team roles, behaviors, tasks, and interactions of AI team members and (2) an overview of AI systems’ team roles in anesthesiology. We conclude that (3) AI systems’ intended social roles within teams need to be more consciously reflected, shaped and clearly communicated to meet healthcare standards.

  @inproceedings{Huber2025, abstract = {When referring to the role of newly proposed clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI), recent work inflationary uses the term Human-AI Team. However, the roles foreseen for AI systems within teams remain unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature on AI deployment in anesthesiology and found that most AI system papers only describe algorithms. We identified 57 interactive systems and assigned six roles based on described behavior, tasks, and interactions. While the most prevalent role was task completer, some AI systems also served their team as problem solvers, evaluators, task motivators, or even teamwork support and team leaders. We contribute (1) a classification system for team roles, behaviors, tasks, and interactions of AI team members and (2) an overview of AI systems’ team roles in anesthesiology. We conclude that (3) AI systems’ intended social roles within teams need to be more consciously reflected, shaped and clearly communicated to meet healthcare standards.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Huber, Stephan and Weppert, Lea and Baumeister, Lennart and Happel, Oliver and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, month = {04}, pages = {1–13}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '25}, title = {Team Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology – A Scoping Review}, year = 2025 }
• Ambe, Aloha Hufana, Isaac Salisbury, Tobias Grundgeiger, Daniel Bodnar, Sean Rothwell, Nathan Brown, Penelope Sanderson, and Ben Matthews. “Patient Handover in the Emergency Department Is Not Just a Point Event: Insights for Designing Information Support Tools”. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’25). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713756.
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  ffective information support tools are challenging to design for fast-paced, information rich, and difficult to predict circumstances, particularly when information is fragmented and sources are dispersed. To explore, we conducted a field study on handover and the associated information work, which included 40 visits and 75 hours of observation and interviews with doctors in a metropolitan emergency department (ED). Beyond information exchange, we found that handovers highlight doctors' proactive approach by anticipating information needs, managing uncertainties arising from dynamic information, and developing patient care plans through multiple contingencies. Expanding on the idea of handover as a multifaceted process rather than a single event, we reinforce existing calls for greater flexibility emphasising that the ascertainment of pertinent information is an ongoing, adaptive process. This work demonstrates that deciding what constitutes relevant information is a priori indeterminate when designing information systems and support tools in environments such as EDs. We propose the preservation of specific ‘relativities’ of information—such as uncertainty, particularity, incompleteness, and temporality—in designing information support tools for dynamic, critical and multi-disciplinary work environments.

  @inproceedings{ambe2025patient, abstract = {ffective information support tools are challenging to design for fast-paced, information rich, and difficult to predict circumstances, particularly when information is fragmented and sources are dispersed. To explore, we conducted a field study on handover and the associated information work, which included 40 visits and 75 hours of observation and interviews with doctors in a metropolitan emergency department (ED). Beyond information exchange, we found that handovers highlight doctors' proactive approach by anticipating information needs, managing uncertainties arising from dynamic information, and developing patient care plans through multiple contingencies. Expanding on the idea of handover as a multifaceted process rather than a single event, we reinforce existing calls for greater flexibility emphasising that the ascertainment of pertinent information is an ongoing, adaptive process. This work demonstrates that deciding what constitutes relevant information is a priori indeterminate when designing information systems and support tools in environments such as EDs. We propose the preservation of specific ‘relativities’ of information—such as uncertainty, particularity, incompleteness, and temporality—in designing information support tools for dynamic, critical and multi-disciplinary work environments.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Ambe, Aloha Hufana and Salisbury, Isaac and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Bodnar, Daniel and Rothwell, Sean and Brown, Nathan and Sanderson, Penelope and Matthews, Ben}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’25)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Patient Handover in the Emergency Department Is Not Just a Point Event: Insights for Designing Information Support Tools}, year = 2025 }
• Bahnsen, Kilian L, Emma Dischinger, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “AR Cue Reliability for Interrupted Task Resumption Affects Users’ Resumption Strategies and Performance”. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’25). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713685.
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  Reliable augmented reality (AR) cues can support the resumption of interrupted tasks. We investigated how sub-optimal AR cue reliability (100%, 86%, 64%, or no cue) affected users’ resumption performance and strategies. In a between-subjects experiment, 120 participants conducted a physical sorting task including interruptions, and we manipulated AR cue reliability (i.e., the AR cue was present or absent at the end of interruptions). In trials with AR cue, performance with 86% and 64% reliable AR cues was as well as with 100% reliable cues. In trials without AR cue, performance with sub-optimal AR cue reliability declined but was still better than with no cue. Cue reliability affected task resumption strategies of the 86% (slow but no increase in errors) and the 64% (fast but increase in errors) reliability groups differently. Our results extend reliability research to interruptions and the observed efficiency-thoroughness trade-offs in resumption strategies provide insight for design.

  @inproceedings{bahnsen2025reliability, abstract = {Reliable augmented reality (AR) cues can support the resumption of interrupted tasks. We investigated how sub-optimal AR cue reliability (100%, 86%, 64%, or no cue) affected users’ resumption performance and strategies. In a between-subjects experiment, 120 participants conducted a physical sorting task including interruptions, and we manipulated AR cue reliability (i.e., the AR cue was present or absent at the end of interruptions). In trials with AR cue, performance with 86% and 64% reliable AR cues was as well as with 100% reliable cues. In trials without AR cue, performance with sub-optimal AR cue reliability declined but was still better than with no cue. Cue reliability affected task resumption strategies of the 86% (slow but no increase in errors) and the 64% (fast but increase in errors) reliability groups differently. Our results extend reliability research to interruptions and the observed efficiency-thoroughness trade-offs in resumption strategies provide insight for design.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Bahnsen, Kilian L and Dischinger, Emma and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'25)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {AR Cue Reliability for Interrupted Task Resumption Affects Users’ Resumption Strategies and Performance}, year = 2025 }
• Huber, Stephan, Ronja Fricke, Caroline P"u}tz, Lennart Baumeister, Christina Dilling, Oliver Happel, Simon Ottenhaus, Anja Nagel, Matthias Dunkelberg, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Evaluating an AI Documentation Assistant for Anesthesiology Teams”. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI EA ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3706658.
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  In addition to ensuring patient safety during anesthetic inductions, anesthesiologists must document clinical interventions and administer drugs. This is a time-consuming and low priority task, which harms the documentation quality of anesthetic protocols. In this case study, we demonstrate how speech-based artificial intelligence (AI) assistants that leverage closed-loop communication can increase documentation quality. An evaluation in 40 scenarios in a medical high-fidelity simulator indicated that the AI documentation assistant facilitated earlier data entry and increased documentation precision. However, despite the objective advantages for data quality and patient safety, anesthesiologists experienced a higher temporal demand with the system. With this study, we contribute qualitative insights of how the AI documentation assistant benefited anesthesiologists’ work style and affected their interactions within the team. Future research should aim to design AI assistants that enforce communication clarity while considering their impact on team dynamics.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3706599.3706658, abstract = {In addition to ensuring patient safety during anesthetic inductions, anesthesiologists must document clinical interventions and administer drugs. This is a time-consuming and low priority task, which harms the documentation quality of anesthetic protocols. In this case study, we demonstrate how speech-based artificial intelligence (AI) assistants that leverage closed-loop communication can increase documentation quality. An evaluation in 40 scenarios in a medical high-fidelity simulator indicated that the AI documentation assistant facilitated earlier data entry and increased documentation precision. However, despite the objective advantages for data quality and patient safety, anesthesiologists experienced a higher temporal demand with the system. With this study, we contribute qualitative insights of how the AI documentation assistant benefited anesthesiologists’ work style and affected their interactions within the team. Future research should aim to design AI assistants that enforce communication clarity while considering their impact on team dynamics.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Huber, Stephan and Fricke, Ronja and P\"{u}tz, Caroline and Baumeister, Lennart and Dilling, Christina and Happel, Oliver and Ottenhaus, Simon and Nagel, Anja and Dunkelberg, Matthias and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '25}, title = {Evaluating an AI Documentation Assistant for Anesthesiology Teams}, year = 2025 }
• Wolf, Sara, Tobias Grundgeiger, Raphael Z"a}hringer, Lora Shishkova, Franzisca Maas, Christina Dilling, and Oliver Happel. “How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation”. In Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI ’25. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713372.
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  Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decision-making in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.

  @inproceedings{wolf2025clinical, abstract = {Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked discussions on how clinical decision-making can be supported. New clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been developed and evaluated through workshops and interviews. However, limited research exists on how CDSSs affect decision-making as it unfolds, particularly in settings such as acute care, where decisions are made collaboratively under time pressure and uncertainty. Using a mixed-method study, we explored the impact of a CDSS on decision-making in anesthetic teams during simulated operating room crises. Fourteen anesthetic teams participated in high-fidelity simulations, half using a CDSS prototype for comparative analysis. Qualitative findings from conversation analysis and quantitative results on decision-making efficiency and workload revealed that the CDSS changed team structure, communication, and diagnostic processes. It homogenized decision-making, empowered nursing staff, and introduced friction between analytical and intuitive thinking. We discuss whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental and offer insights to guide future CDSS design.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Wolf, Sara and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Z\"{a}hringer, Raphael and Shishkova, Lora and Maas, Franzisca and Dilling, Christina and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI '25}, title = {How a Clinical Decision Support System Changed the Diagnosis Process: Insights from an Experimental Mixed-Method Study in a Full-Scale Anesthesiology Simulation}, year = 2025 }

• Fischer, Paul, Robin Abendschein, Monika Berberich, Tobias Grundgeiger, Patrick Meybohm, Thorsten Smul, and Oliver Happel. “Improved Recall of Handover Information in a Simulated Emergency – A Randomised Controlled Trial”. Resuscitation Plus 18 (June 2024): 100612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100612.
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  @article{fischer2024improved, author = {Fischer, Paul and Abendschein, Robin and Berberich, Monika and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Meybohm, Patrick and Smul, Thorsten and Happel, Oliver}, journal = {Resuscitation Plus}, keywords = {abendschein}, month = {06}, pages = 100612, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Improved recall of handover information in a simulated emergency – A randomised controlled trial}, volume = 18, year = 2024 }
• Huber, Stephan, Nathalie Bettina Elisabetha Papenfuß, Lea Weppert, Valentina Wohlfart, Johannes Basch, Oliver Happel, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Hiring an AI: Incorporating Personnel Selection Methods in User-Centered Design to Design AI Agents for Safety-Critical Domains”. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. NordiCHI ’24 Adjunct. Uppsala, Sweden: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3677045.3685418.
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  Enhancing human teams with AI is currently aspired across application domains. However, the prospective team role of high-performing AI-agents is rarely considered. In this paper, we propose a new method complementing existing user-centered design processes to define an AI-agent personality that suits the team. Inspired by personnel selection methods, the hiring an AI workshop prompts teams from safety-critical domains to 1) remember past incidents, 2) envision the personality and competence of their desired teammate, and 3) validate how the teammate would act in described incidents. Clustering and modeling the data made it accessible to interdisciplinary teams. Incorporating the models into the ideation process and revisiting the data for a personality drill-down exceeded insights from contextual inquiries and had a measurable impact (i.e., downstream utility) on the visions. Participants’ humanizing descriptions of a knowing and competent, yet modest teammate raise challenges for technical implementation and questions on future team-collaboration in safety-critical domains.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3677045.3685418, abstract = {Enhancing human teams with AI is currently aspired across application domains. However, the prospective team role of high-performing AI-agents is rarely considered. In this paper, we propose a new method complementing existing user-centered design processes to define an AI-agent personality that suits the team. Inspired by personnel selection methods, the hiring an AI workshop prompts teams from safety-critical domains to 1) remember past incidents, 2) envision the personality and competence of their desired teammate, and 3) validate how the teammate would act in described incidents. Clustering and modeling the data made it accessible to interdisciplinary teams. Incorporating the models into the ideation process and revisiting the data for a personality drill-down exceeded insights from contextual inquiries and had a measurable impact (i.e., downstream utility) on the visions. Participants’ humanizing descriptions of a knowing and competent, yet modest teammate raise challenges for technical implementation and questions on future team-collaboration in safety-critical domains.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Huber, Stephan and Papenfuß, Nathalie Bettina Elisabetha and Weppert, Lea and Wohlfart, Valentina and Basch, Johannes and Happel, Oliver and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Adjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {NordiCHI '24 Adjunct}, title = {Hiring an AI: Incorporating Personnel Selection Methods in User-Centered Design to Design AI Agents for Safety-Critical Domains}, year = 2024 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Christian Juranz, and Oliver Happel. “Motives and Fluent Interaction in Clinical Documentation: An Experience-Based Design for a Documentation Tool in Anesthesiology”. Human Factors in Healthcare 5 (2024): 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfh.2024.100071.
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  Documentation in anesthesiology is important but documentation quality is poor and frequently delayed. Using documentation in anesthesiology, we suggest an experience-based design approach that considers users’ motives and work practices in the design of technology to provide users with the experience of achieving valued motives (activity theory) and a fluent interaction with the environment (embodiment). We conducted an ethnographic study to identify documentation work practices, the anesthesiologists’ motives for documenting, and assess documentation quality. Based on the data and with the theoretical premises of activity theory and embodiment in mind, we designed the functions and interaction of a speech-based documentation tool. Using the Wizard of Oz method in a simulated induction of general anesthesia, we showed that the tool enabled fluent interaction, addressed a motive that anesthesiologists valued, and increased the documentation quality. We demonstrated that an experience-based design can enhance documentation quality and has the potential to contribute to safety and efficiency in safety-critical domains and provide grounds for future decision support systems.

  @article{grundgeiger2024motives, abstract = {Documentation in anesthesiology is important but documentation quality is poor and frequently delayed. Using documentation in anesthesiology, we suggest an experience-based design approach that considers users’ motives and work practices in the design of technology to provide users with the experience of achieving valued motives (activity theory) and a fluent interaction with the environment (embodiment). We conducted an ethnographic study to identify documentation work practices, the anesthesiologists’ motives for documenting, and assess documentation quality. Based on the data and with the theoretical premises of activity theory and embodiment in mind, we designed the functions and interaction of a speech-based documentation tool. Using the Wizard of Oz method in a simulated induction of general anesthesia, we showed that the tool enabled fluent interaction, addressed a motive that anesthesiologists valued, and increased the documentation quality. We demonstrated that an experience-based design can enhance documentation quality and has the potential to contribute to safety and efficiency in safety-critical domains and provide grounds for future decision support systems.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Juranz, Christian and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Human Factors in Healthcare}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 100071, title = {Motives and Fluent Interaction in Clinical Documentation: An Experience-Based design for a Documentation Tool in Anesthesiology}, volume = 5, year = 2024 }
• Bahnsen, Kilian L, Lucas Tiemann, Lucas Plabst, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Augmented Reality Cues Facilitate Task Resumption After Interruptions in Computer-Based and Physical Tasks”. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’24), 1-16. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642666.
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  Many work domains include numerous interruptions, which can contribute to errors. We investigated the potential of augmented reality (AR) cues to facilitate primary task resumption after interruptions of varying lengths. Experiment 1 (N = 83) involved a computer-based primary task with a red AR arrow at the to-be-resumed task step which was placed via a gesture by the participants or automatically. Compared to no cue, both cues significantly reduced the resumption lag (i.e., the time between the end of the interruption and the resumption of the primary task) following long but not short interruptions. Experiment 2 (N = 38) involved a tangible sorting task, utilizing only the automatic cue. The AR cue facilitated task resumption compared to not cue after both short and long interruptions. We demonstrated the potential of AR cues in mitigating the negative effects of interruptions and make suggestions for integrating AR technologies for task resumption.

  @inproceedings{bahnsen2024augmented, abstract = {Many work domains include numerous interruptions, which can contribute to errors. We investigated the potential of augmented reality (AR) cues to facilitate primary task resumption after interruptions of varying lengths. Experiment 1 (N = 83) involved a computer-based primary task with a red AR arrow at the to-be-resumed task step which was placed via a gesture by the participants or automatically. Compared to no cue, both cues significantly reduced the resumption lag (i.e., the time between the end of the interruption and the resumption of the primary task) following long but not short interruptions. Experiment 2 (N = 38) involved a tangible sorting task, utilizing only the automatic cue. The AR cue facilitated task resumption compared to not cue after both short and long interruptions. We demonstrated the potential of AR cues in mitigating the negative effects of interruptions and make suggestions for integrating AR technologies for task resumption.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Bahnsen, Kilian L and Tiemann, Lucas and Plabst, Lucas and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'24)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Augmented Reality Cues Facilitate Task Resumption after Interruptions in Computer-Based and Physical Tasks}, year = 2024 }
• Huber, Stephan, Oliver Happel, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Interactions, Tasks, and Roles of AI-Systems in Anaesthesiology – A Team Perspective”. In.
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  @conference{huber2024interactions, author = {Huber, Stephan and Happel, Oliver and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Interactions, Tasks, and Roles of AI-Systems in Anaesthesiology – A Team Perspective}, year = 2024 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Franz Ertle, Daniel Diethei, Christopf Mengelkamp, and Volker Held. “Improving Procedural Skills Acquisition of Students During Medical Device Training: Experiments on E-Learning Vs. E-Learning With Hands-on”. Advances in Health Sciences Education 28 (2023): 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10148-0.
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  In the context of medical device training, e-Learning can address problems like unstandardized content and different learning paces. However, staff and students value hands-on activities during medical device training. In a blended learning approach, we examined whether using a syringe pump while conducting an e-Learning program improves the procedural skills needed to operate the pump compared to using the e-Learning program only. In two experiments, the e-Learning only group learned using only the e-Learning program. The e-Learning + hands-on group was instructed to use a syringe pump during the e-Learning to repeat the presented content (section “Experiment 1”) or to alternate between learning on the e-Learning program and applying the learned content using the pump (section “Experiment 2”). We conducted a skills test, a knowledge test, and assessed confidence in using the pump immediately after learning and two weeks later. Simply repeating the content (section “Experiment 1”) did not improve performance of e-Learning + hands-on compared with e-Learning only. The instructed learning process (section “Experiment 1”) resulted in significantly better skills test performance for e-Learning + hands-on compared to the e-Learning only. Only a structured learning process based on multi-media learning principles and memory research improved procedural skills in relation to operating a medical device.

  @article{grundgeiger2023improving, abstract = {In the context of medical device training, e-Learning can address problems like unstandardized content and different learning paces. However, staff and students value hands-on activities during medical device training. In a blended learning approach, we examined whether using a syringe pump while conducting an e-Learning program improves the procedural skills needed to operate the pump compared to using the e-Learning program only. In two experiments, the e-Learning only group learned using only the e-Learning program. The e-Learning + hands-on group was instructed to use a syringe pump during the e-Learning to repeat the presented content (section “Experiment 1”) or to alternate between learning on the e-Learning program and applying the learned content using the pump (section “Experiment 2”). We conducted a skills test, a knowledge test, and assessed confidence in using the pump immediately after learning and two weeks later. Simply repeating the content (section “Experiment 1”) did not improve performance of e-Learning + hands-on compared with e-Learning only. The instructed learning process (section “Experiment 1”) resulted in significantly better skills test performance for e-Learning + hands-on compared to the e-Learning only. Only a structured learning process based on multi-media learning principles and memory research improved procedural skills in relation to operating a medical device.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Ertle, Franz and Diethei, Daniel and Mengelkamp, Christopf and Held, Volker}, booktitle = {Advances in Health Sciences Education}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {127–146}, title = {Improving procedural skills acquisition of students during medical device training: experiments on e-Learning vs. e-Learning with hands-on}, volume = 28, year = 2023 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Annabell Michalek, Felix Hahn, Thomas Wurmb, Patrick Meybohm, and Oliver Happel. “Guiding Attention via a Cognitive Aid During a Simulated in-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Scenario: A SEEV Model Analysis”. Human Factors 65, no. 8 (2023): 1689-1701. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211060586.
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  Objective To investigate the effect of a cognitive aid on the visual attention distribution of the operator using the Salience Effort Expectancy Value (SEEV) model. Background Cognitive aids aim to support an operator during the execution of a task. The effect of cognitive aids on performance is frequently evaluated but whether a cognitive aid improved, for example, attention distribution has not been considered. Method We built the Expectancy Value (EV) model version which can be considered to indicate optimal attention distribution for a given event. We analyzed the eye tracking data of emergency physicians while using a cognitive aid application versus no application during a simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest scenario. Results The EV model could fit the attention distribution in such a simulated emergency situation. Partially supporting our hypothesis, the cognitive aid application group showed a significantly better EV model fit than the no application group in the first phases of the event, but a worse fit in the last phase. Conclusion We demonstrated that a cognitive aid affected attention distribution and that the SEEV model provides the means of capturing these effects. We suggest that the aid supported and improved visual attention distribution in the stressful first phases of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation but may have focused attention on objects that are relevant for lower priority goals in the last phase. Application The SEEV model can provide insights into expected and unexpected effects of cognitive aids on visual attention distribution and may help to design better artifacts.

  @article{grundgeiger2023guiding, abstract = {Objective To investigate the effect of a cognitive aid on the visual attention distribution of the operator using the Salience Effort Expectancy Value (SEEV) model. Background Cognitive aids aim to support an operator during the execution of a task. The effect of cognitive aids on performance is frequently evaluated but whether a cognitive aid improved, for example, attention distribution has not been considered. Method We built the Expectancy Value (EV) model version which can be considered to indicate optimal attention distribution for a given event. We analyzed the eye tracking data of emergency physicians while using a cognitive aid application versus no application during a simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest scenario. Results The EV model could fit the attention distribution in such a simulated emergency situation. Partially supporting our hypothesis, the cognitive aid application group showed a significantly better EV model fit than the no application group in the first phases of the event, but a worse fit in the last phase. Conclusion We demonstrated that a cognitive aid affected attention distribution and that the SEEV model provides the means of capturing these effects. We suggest that the aid supported and improved visual attention distribution in the stressful first phases of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation but may have focused attention on objects that are relevant for lower priority goals in the last phase. Application The SEEV model can provide insights into expected and unexpected effects of cognitive aids on visual attention distribution and may help to design better artifacts.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Michalek, Annabell and Hahn, Felix and Wurmb, Thomas and Meybohm, Patrick and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Human Factors}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 8, pages = {1689-1701}, title = {Guiding attention via a cognitive aid during a simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest scenario: a SEEV model analysis}, volume = 65, year = 2023 }
• Hohm, Anna, Oliver Happel, Jörn Hurtienne, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “‘When the Beeping Stops, You Completely Freak Out’ - How Acute Care Teams Experience and Use Technology”. In ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6.CSCW2 (2022). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3579590.
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  Technology use in acute care has so far been studied with a predominant focus on safety and efficiency rather than the experience of acute care staff. In the present paper, we report a qualitative study including 130 hours of participant observation on acute care teams and retrospective interviews with nine anesthesiologists on their experiences with technology. Our approach is theoretically guided by four modern HCI perspectives, namely psychological need satisfaction, activity theory, embodied interaction, and media equation theory. We analyzed the interview and observation data using a reflexive thematic analysis and identified four themes. Technology as necessary (evil) describes the pervasiveness of technology and how acute care teams depend on technology. While technology as second patient covers the additional load for anesthesiologists on a functional and emotional level, technology as problem solver and safety net highlights relieving aspects of technology use. Technology as artificial limb focuses on so-called transparent tools that extend the body and capabilities of users. We then discuss the identified themes concerning the previously presented theories. Based on our findings and theoretical perspectives, we report general insights for research and design in acute care, such as the benefits of mixed methods or the importance of the gut feelings of experts. Finally, we propose possible directions for future work, such as developing a UX questionnaire adapted to the context of safety-critical domains, such as acute care.

  @inproceedings{hohm2023beeping, abstract = {Technology use in acute care has so far been studied with a predominant focus on safety and efficiency rather than the experience of acute care staff. In the present paper, we report a qualitative study including 130 hours of participant observation on acute care teams and retrospective interviews with nine anesthesiologists on their experiences with technology. Our approach is theoretically guided by four modern HCI perspectives, namely psychological need satisfaction, activity theory, embodied interaction, and media equation theory. We analyzed the interview and observation data using a reflexive thematic analysis and identified four themes. Technology as necessary (evil) describes the pervasiveness of technology and how acute care teams depend on technology. While technology as second patient covers the additional load for anesthesiologists on a functional and emotional level, technology as problem solver and safety net highlights relieving aspects of technology use. Technology as artificial limb focuses on so-called transparent tools that extend the body and capabilities of users. We then discuss the identified themes concerning the previously presented theories. Based on our findings and theoretical perspectives, we report general insights for research and design in acute care, such as the benefits of mixed methods or the importance of the gut feelings of experts. Finally, we propose possible directions for future work, such as developing a UX questionnaire adapted to the context of safety-critical domains, such as acute care.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Hohm, Anna and Happel, Oliver and Hurtienne, Jörn and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6.CSCW2 (2022)}, keywords = {hurtienne}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {"When the beeping stops, you completely freak out" - How acute care teams experience and use technology}, year = 2023 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Alea Münz, Paul Schlosser, and Oliver Happel. “Supervising Multiple Operating Rooms Using a Head-Worn Display: A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Experience of Supervising Anesthesiologists and Their Co-Workers”. In 2023 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581180.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Research has explored head-worn displays (HWD) in various professional contexts. However, evaluations have been limited by short-term use, a focus on the person using the HWD, and on performance variables. In a field study, we evaluated a monocular, opaque HWD for multi-patient monitoring, which supervising anesthesiologists wore for 8-10 days each. We investigated the effect of prolonged HWD use on the experience of the supervising anesthesiologists and their co-workers using interviews and repeated observations. A reflexive thematic analysis showed (1) interaction and mindset changes over time, (2) information on the HWD is more than numbers, (3) the HWD affects co-workers' collaboration with supervisors, and (4) distraction depends on the point of view. Using activity theory, we discuss the fact that HWD use develops and changes over time and that even a single-user HWD influences the collaboration with co-workers. We conclude with implications for HWD design, implementation, and evaluation.

  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2023supervising, abstract = {Research has explored head-worn displays (HWD) in various professional contexts. However, evaluations have been limited by short-term use, a focus on the person using the HWD, and on performance variables. In a field study, we evaluated a monocular, opaque HWD for multi-patient monitoring, which supervising anesthesiologists wore for 8-10 days each. We investigated the effect of prolonged HWD use on the experience of the supervising anesthesiologists and their co-workers using interviews and repeated observations. A reflexive thematic analysis showed (1) interaction and mindset changes over time, (2) information on the HWD is more than numbers, (3) the HWD affects co-workers' collaboration with supervisors, and (4) distraction depends on the point of view. Using activity theory, we discuss the fact that HWD use develops and changes over time and that even a single-user HWD influences the collaboration with co-workers. We conclude with implications for HWD design, implementation, and evaluation.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Münz, Alea and Schlosser, Paul and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {2023 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’23)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Supervising Multiple Operating Rooms Using a Head-Worn display: A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Experience of Supervising Anesthesiologists and Their Co-Workers}, year = 2023 }
• Huber, Stephan, Nathalie Papenfuß, Tobias Grundgeiger, Johannes Basch, and Oliver Happel. “Hiring an AI: The Design of an Artificial Team-Member for Anesthesiology”. In CHI’23 Workshop on Intelligent Data-Driven Health Interfaces. https://iddhi2022.create.aau.dk/?page_id=53.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{RN1473, author = {Huber, Stephan and Papenfuß, Nathalie and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Basch, Johannes and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {CHI’23 workshop on Intelligent Data-Driven Health Interfaces}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Hiring an AI: The Design of an Artificial Team-Member for Anesthesiology}, type = {Conference Proceedings}, year = 2023 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Anna Hohm, Annabell Michalek, Timo Egenolf, C. Markus, and O. Happel. “The Validity of the SEEV Model As a Process Measure of Situation Awareness: The Example of a Simulated Endotracheal Intubation”. Human Factors 64, no. 1 (2022): 1181–1194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720821991651.
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  @article{grundgeiger2022validity, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Hohm, Anna and Michalek, Annabell and Egenolf, Timo and Markus, C. and Happel, O.}, booktitle = {Human Factors}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {1181–1194}, title = {The validity of the SEEV model as a process measure of situation awareness: the example of a simulated endotracheal intubation}, volume = 64, year = 2022 }
• Hohm, Anna, Oliver Happel, Jörn Hurtienne, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “User Experience in safety–critical Domains: A Survey on Motivational Orientations and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Acute Care”. Cognition, Technology & Work, no. 24 (2022): 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-022-00697-0.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  The relevance of user experience in safety–critical domains has been questioned and lacks empirical investigation. Based on previous studies examining user experience in consumer technology, we conducted an online survey on positive experiences with interactive technology in acute care. The participants of the study consisted of anaesthesiologists, nurses, and paramedics (N = 55) from three German cities. We report qualitative and quantitative data examining (1) the relevance and notion of user experience, (2) motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction, and (3) potential correlates of hedonic, eudaimonic, and extrinsic motivations such as affect or meaning. Our findings reveal that eudaimonia was the most salient aspect in these experiences and that the relevance of psychological needs is differently ranked than in experiences with interactive consumer technology. We conclude that user experience should be considered in safety–critical domains, but research needs to develop further tools and methods to address the domain-specific requirements.

  @article{hohm2022experience, abstract = {The relevance of user experience in safety–critical domains has been questioned and lacks empirical investigation. Based on previous studies examining user experience in consumer technology, we conducted an online survey on positive experiences with interactive technology in acute care. The participants of the study consisted of anaesthesiologists, nurses, and paramedics (N = 55) from three German cities. We report qualitative and quantitative data examining (1) the relevance and notion of user experience, (2) motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction, and (3) potential correlates of hedonic, eudaimonic, and extrinsic motivations such as affect or meaning. Our findings reveal that eudaimonia was the most salient aspect in these experiences and that the relevance of psychological needs is differently ranked than in experiences with interactive consumer technology. We conclude that user experience should be considered in safety–critical domains, but research needs to develop further tools and methods to address the domain-specific requirements.}, author = {Hohm, Anna and Happel, Oliver and Hurtienne, Jörn and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Cognition, Technology & Work}, keywords = {hurtienne}, number = 24, pages = {247–260}, title = {User experience in safety–critical domains: a survey on motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction in acute care}, year = 2022 }
• Salisbury, Isaac S., Paul D. Schlosser, Tsz-Lok Tang, Caitlin Browning, Ismail Mohamed, Tobias Grundgeiger, Robert G. Loeb, and Penelope M. Sanderson. “Attention to Changes on a Head-Worn Display: Two Preclinical Studies With Healthcare Scenarios”. Human Factors 66, no. 1 (2022): 103-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208221075851.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  ObjectiveIn two experiments, we examined how quickly different visual alerts on a head-worn display (HWD) would capture participants’ attention to a matrix of patient vital sign values, while multitasking.BackgroundAn HWD could help clinicians monitor multiple patients, regardless of where the clinician is located. We sought effective ways for HWDs to alert multitasking wearers to important events.MethodsIn two preclinical experiments, university student participants performed a visuomotor tracking task while simultaneously monitoring simulated patient vital signs on an HWD to detect abnormal values. Methods to attract attention to abnormal values included highlighting abnormal vital signs and imposing a white flash over the entire display.ResultsExperiment 1 found that participants detected abnormal values faster with high contrast than low contrast greyscale highlights, even while performing difficult tracking. In Experiment 2, a white flash of the entire screen quickly and reliably captured attention to vital signs, but less so on an HWD than on a conventional screen.ConclusionVisual alerts on HWDs can direct users’ attention to patient transition events (PTEs) even under high visual-perceptual load, but not as quickly as visual alerts on fixed displays. Aspects of the results have since been tested in a healthcare context.ApplicationPotential applications include informing the design of HWD interfaces for monitoring multiple processes and informing future research on capturing attention to HWDs.

  @article{salisbury2022attention, abstract = {ObjectiveIn two experiments, we examined how quickly different visual alerts on a head-worn display (HWD) would capture participants’ attention to a matrix of patient vital sign values, while multitasking.BackgroundAn HWD could help clinicians monitor multiple patients, regardless of where the clinician is located. We sought effective ways for HWDs to alert multitasking wearers to important events.MethodsIn two preclinical experiments, university student participants performed a visuomotor tracking task while simultaneously monitoring simulated patient vital signs on an HWD to detect abnormal values. Methods to attract attention to abnormal values included highlighting abnormal vital signs and imposing a white flash over the entire display.ResultsExperiment 1 found that participants detected abnormal values faster with high contrast than low contrast greyscale highlights, even while performing difficult tracking. In Experiment 2, a white flash of the entire screen quickly and reliably captured attention to vital signs, but less so on an HWD than on a conventional screen.ConclusionVisual alerts on HWDs can direct users’ attention to patient transition events (PTEs) even under high visual-perceptual load, but not as quickly as visual alerts on fixed displays. Aspects of the results have since been tested in a healthcare context.ApplicationPotential applications include informing the design of HWD interfaces for monitoring multiple processes and informing future research on capturing attention to HWDs.}, author = {Salisbury, Isaac S. and Schlosser, Paul D. and Tang, Tsz-Lok and Browning, Caitlin and Mohamed, Ismail and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Loeb, Robert G. and Sanderson, Penelope M.}, booktitle = {Human Factors}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {103-125}, title = {Attention to Changes on a Head-Worn Display: Two Preclinical Studies with Healthcare Scenarios}, volume = 66, year = 2022 }
• Huber, Stephan, Johanna Gramlich, Selina Pauli, Simon Mundschenk, Eliana Haugg, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Toward User Experience in ATC: Exploring Novel Interface Concepts for Air Traffic Control”. Interacting With Computers, 2022, iwac032. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwac032.
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  @article{RN1427, author = {Huber, Stephan and Gramlich, Johanna and Pauli, Selina and Mundschenk, Simon and Haugg, Eliana and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, journal = {Interacting with Computers}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {iwac032}, title = {Toward User Experience in ATC: Exploring Novel Interface Concepts for Air Traffic Control}, type = {Journal Article}, year = 2022 }
• Hirsch, Patricia, Iring Koch, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Task Interruptions”. In Handbook of Human Multitasking, edited by Andrea Kiesel, Leif Johannsen, Iring Koch, and Hermann Müller, 145-88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04760-2_4.
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  It is generally accepted that task interruptions have a harmful effect on human performance in cognitively demanding tasks. This is evident in both the increased processing time and vulnerability to errors in interrupted tasks compared to non-interrupted tasks. Besides the definition of task interruptions and a description of the difference between task interruptions and related multitasking situations, the present chapter provides an overview of how the performance decrement in task-interruption situations is measured as well as of the major empirical findings observed in fundamental and applied task-interruption research. Moreover, we review task-related, situational, and personal factors that affect the disruptiveness of task interruptions and present theoretical accounts that explain these task-interruption effects, along with recommendations for task-interruption management.

  @inbook{hirsch2022interruptions, abstract = {It is generally accepted that task interruptions have a harmful effect on human performance in cognitively demanding tasks. This is evident in both the increased processing time and vulnerability to errors in interrupted tasks compared to non-interrupted tasks. Besides the definition of task interruptions and a description of the difference between task interruptions and related multitasking situations, the present chapter provides an overview of how the performance decrement in task-interruption situations is measured as well as of the major empirical findings observed in fundamental and applied task-interruption research. Moreover, we review task-related, situational, and personal factors that affect the disruptiveness of task interruptions and present theoretical accounts that explain these task-interruption effects, along with recommendations for task-interruption management.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Hirsch, Patricia and Koch, Iring and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Handbook of Human Multitasking}, editor = {Kiesel, Andrea and Johannsen, Leif and Koch, Iring and Müller, Hermann}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {145-188}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Task Interruptions}, year = 2022 }

• Kuge, Jeremias, Tobias Grundgeiger, Paul D. Schlosser, Penelope M. Sanderson, and Oliver Happel. “Design and Evaluation of a Head-Worn Display Application for Multi-Patient Monitoring”. In ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS). Nowhere and Everywhere, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462011.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{kuge2021design, address = {Nowhere and Everywhere}, author = {Kuge, Jeremias and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Schlosser, Paul D. and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Design and Evaluation of a Head-Worn Display Application for Multi-Patient Monitoring}, year = 2021 }
• Kuge, Jeremias, Stephan Huber, Eliana Haugg, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Ecological Interface Design for a Spacing Assistant in Approach Control”. Presented at the, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @presentation{kuge2021ecological, author = {Kuge, Jeremias and Huber, Stephan and Haugg, Eliana and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Ecological Interface Design for a Spacing Assistant in Approach Control}, year = 2021 }
• Hohm, Anna, Oliver Happel, Jörn Hurtienne, and Tobias Grundgeiger. ““It’s Okay, honey… shhh…”-The Media Equation and Computers-Are-Social-Actors-Hypothesis in Acute Care: ‘Ist Ja Gut, Schätzelein… shhh…’-Die Media Equation Und Computers-Are-Social-Actors-Hypothese in Der Akutmedizin”. In Mensch Und Computer 2021, 265-69. ACM, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3473856.3474227.
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  @inbook{hohm2021honey, author = {Hohm, Anna and Happel, Oliver and Hurtienne, Jörn and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2021}, keywords = {hurtienne}, pages = {265-269}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {“It's okay, honey… shhh…”-The Media Equation and Computers-Are-Social-Actors-Hypothesis in Acute Care: “Ist ja gut, Schätzelein… shhh…”-Die Media Equation und Computers-Are-Social-Actors-Hypothese in der Akutmedizin}, year = 2021 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Felix Hahn, Thomas Wurmb, Patrick Meybohm, and Oliver Happel. “The Use of a Cognitive Aid App Supports Guideline-Conforming Cardiopulmonary Resuscitations: A Randomized Study in a High-Fidelity Simulation”. Resuscitation Plus 7 (2021): 100152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100152.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Aim Cardiac arrests require fast, well-timed, and well-coordinated interventions delivered by several staff members. We evaluated a cognitive aid that works as an attentional aid to support specifically the timing and coordination of these interventions. We report the results of an experimental, simulation-based evaluation of the tablet-based cognitive aid in performing guideline-conforming cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods In a parallel group design, emergency teams (one qualified emergency physician as team leader and one qualified nurse) were randomly assigned to the cognitive aid application (CA App) group or the no application (No App) group and then participated in a simulated scenario of a cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was a cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance score ranging from zero to two for each team based on the videotaped scenarios in relation to twelve performance variables derived from the European Resuscitation Guidelines. As a secondary outcome, we measured the participants’ subjective workload. Results A total of 67 teams participated. The CA App group (n = 32 teams) showed significantly better cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance than the No App group (n = 31 teams; mean difference = 0.23, 95 %CI = 0.08 to 0.38, p = 0.002, d = 0.83). The CA App group team leaders indicated significantly less mental and physical demand and less effort to achieve their performance compared to the No App group team leaders. Conclusions Among well-trained in-hospital emergency teams, the cognitive aid could improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation coordination performance and decrease mental workload.

  @article{grundgeiger2021cognitive, abstract = {Aim Cardiac arrests require fast, well-timed, and well-coordinated interventions delivered by several staff members. We evaluated a cognitive aid that works as an attentional aid to support specifically the timing and coordination of these interventions. We report the results of an experimental, simulation-based evaluation of the tablet-based cognitive aid in performing guideline-conforming cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods In a parallel group design, emergency teams (one qualified emergency physician as team leader and one qualified nurse) were randomly assigned to the cognitive aid application (CA App) group or the no application (No App) group and then participated in a simulated scenario of a cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was a cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance score ranging from zero to two for each team based on the videotaped scenarios in relation to twelve performance variables derived from the European Resuscitation Guidelines. As a secondary outcome, we measured the participants’ subjective workload. Results A total of 67 teams participated. The CA App group (n = 32 teams) showed significantly better cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance than the No App group (n = 31 teams; mean difference = 0.23, 95 %CI = 0.08 to 0.38, p = 0.002, d = 0.83). The CA App group team leaders indicated significantly less mental and physical demand and less effort to achieve their performance compared to the No App group team leaders. Conclusions Among well-trained in-hospital emergency teams, the cognitive aid could improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation coordination performance and decrease mental workload.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Hahn, Felix and Wurmb, Thomas and Meybohm, Patrick and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Resuscitation Plus}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 100152, title = {The use of a cognitive aid app supports guideline-conforming cardiopulmonary resuscitations: A randomized study in a high-fidelity simulation}, volume = 7, year = 2021 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Thomas Wurmb, and Oliver Happel. “Statistical Modeling of Visual Attention of Junior and Senior Anesthesiologists During the Induction of General Anesthesia in Real and Simulated Cases”. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 50, no. 4 (2020): 317-26. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2020.2983817.
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  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2020statistical, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Wurmb, Thomas and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 4, pages = {317-326}, title = {Statistical Modeling of Visual Attention of Junior and Senior Anesthesiologists During the Induction of General Anesthesia in Real and Simulated Cases}, volume = 50, year = 2020 }
• Kl"u}ber, Sara, Franzisca Maas, David Schraudt, Gina Hermann, Oliver Happel, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Experience Matters: Design and Evaluation of an Anesthesia Support Tool Guided by User Experience Theory”. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 1523–1535. DIS ’20. Eindhoven, Netherlands: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395552.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Despite many advances, clinical decision support tools (DSTs) often suffer from implementation and acceptance problems in the actual clinical context. We suggest that considering psychological needs-based and embodied user experience theories in the design of DSTs could help to overcome these problems. To examine this idea, we iteratively developed a DST called Cassandra supporting anesthetic teams in crisis management, specifically focusing on psychological needs and fluent interaction with the social and physical environment. We preliminarily evaluated Cassandra in a medical simulation, requiring anesthetic teams to handle a crisis. Although not all features of Cassandra had the intended effect, the results indicated that interacting with Cassandra supported the fulfillment of the identified needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and was seamlessly integrated into existing diagnostic processes. Considering user experience theories for the design of DSTs seems a promising way to overcome implementation and acceptance problems and eventually improve patient safety.

  @inproceedings{kluber2020experience, abstract = {Despite many advances, clinical decision support tools (DSTs) often suffer from implementation and acceptance problems in the actual clinical context. We suggest that considering psychological needs-based and embodied user experience theories in the design of DSTs could help to overcome these problems. To examine this idea, we iteratively developed a DST called Cassandra supporting anesthetic teams in crisis management, specifically focusing on psychological needs and fluent interaction with the social and physical environment. We preliminarily evaluated Cassandra in a medical simulation, requiring anesthetic teams to handle a crisis. Although not all features of Cassandra had the intended effect, the results indicated that interacting with Cassandra supported the fulfillment of the identified needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and was seamlessly integrated into existing diagnostic processes. Considering user experience theories for the design of DSTs seems a promising way to overcome implementation and acceptance problems and eventually improve patient safety.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Kl\"{u}ber, Sara and Maas, Franzisca and Schraudt, David and Hermann, Gina and Happel, Oliver and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1523–1535}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {DIS '20}, title = {Experience Matters: Design and Evaluation of an Anesthesia Support Tool Guided by User Experience Theory}, year = 2020 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Katharina Beckh, and Oliver Happel. “The Effect of Effort on the Allocation of Visual Attention During the Induction of General Anesthesia: A SEEV Model Analysis”. In Proceedings of the 64th Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Seattle, WA, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641081.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Simulation-based medical training is an increasingly used method to improve the technical and non-technical performance of clinical staff. An essential part of training is the debriefing of the participants, often using audio, video, or even eye tracking recordings. We conducted a practice-oriented feasibility study to test an eye tracking data preparation procedure, which automatically provided information about the gaze distribution on areas of interest such as the vital sign monitor or the patient simulator. We acquired eye tracking data during three simulation scenarios and provided gaze distribution data for debriefing within 30 minutes. Additionally, we qualitatively evaluated the usefulness of the generated eye tracking data for debriefings. Participating students and debriefers were mostly positive about the data provided; however, future research should improve the technical side of the procedure and investigate best practices regarding how to present and use the data in debriefings.

  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2020effect, abstract = {Simulation-based medical training is an increasingly used method to improve the technical and non-technical performance of clinical staff. An essential part of training is the debriefing of the participants, often using audio, video, or even eye tracking recordings. We conducted a practice-oriented feasibility study to test an eye tracking data preparation procedure, which automatically provided information about the gaze distribution on areas of interest such as the vital sign monitor or the patient simulator. We acquired eye tracking data during three simulation scenarios and provided gaze distribution data for debriefing within 30 minutes. Additionally, we qualitatively evaluated the usefulness of the generated eye tracking data for debriefings. Participating students and debriefers were mostly positive about the data provided; however, future research should improve the technical side of the procedure and investigate best practices regarding how to present and use the data in debriefings.}, address = {Seattle, WA}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Beckh, Katharina and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 64th Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {The effect of effort on the allocation of visual attention during the induction of general anesthesia: a SEEV model analysis}, year = 2020 }
• Kruse, Mari, Vera Volk, Nathalie Merdan, Penelope M. Sanderson, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Comparison Between Head-Mounted Displays Regarding The Resumption of A Disrupted Work Task”. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (2020): 364-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641082.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{kruse2020comparison, author = {Kruse, Mari and Volk, Vera and Merdan, Nathalie and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {364-365}, title = {Comparison Between Head-Mounted Displays Regarding The Resumption of A Disrupted Work Task}, volume = 64, year = 2020 }
• Huber, Stephan, Johanna Gramlich, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “From Paper Flight Strips to Digital Strip Systems: Changes and Similarities in Air Traffic Control Work Practices”. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact 4, no. CSCW1 (May 2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3392833.
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  To increase capacity and safety in air traffic control, digital strip systems have superseded paper strips in lower airspace control centers in Europe. Previous ethnographic studies on paper strip systems anticipated a radical change in work practices with digital strip systems, but we are not aware of any studies that evaluated these predictions. We carried out contextual inquiries with controllers and focused on face-to-face and radio communication, interactions with the digital strip system and the workspace in general. In turn, we contribute (1) detailed descriptions of controllers' work practices, such as using tacit information from radio communication and 'standard advocates vs. tinkerers' operation modes, (2) respective implications for design and (3) discuss how the observed work practices are similar or different from the reported practices in the literature of the two preceding decades. Our key insights are, that documentation speed is faster with digital strips, although a high load in the case of radio frequency persists. Controllers retrieve tacit information from the radio communication and combine it with scattered cues from several displays to form empathic decisions that sometimes exceed the standard protocol. We conclude that the role of tacit information holds opportunities for future flight systems and should be considered in a holistic approach to individualized workspaces for controllers.

  @article{10.1145/3392833, abstract = {To increase capacity and safety in air traffic control, digital strip systems have superseded paper strips in lower airspace control centers in Europe. Previous ethnographic studies on paper strip systems anticipated a radical change in work practices with digital strip systems, but we are not aware of any studies that evaluated these predictions. We carried out contextual inquiries with controllers and focused on face-to-face and radio communication, interactions with the digital strip system and the workspace in general. In turn, we contribute (1) detailed descriptions of controllers' work practices, such as using tacit information from radio communication and 'standard advocates vs. tinkerers' operation modes, (2) respective implications for design and (3) discuss how the observed work practices are similar or different from the reported practices in the literature of the two preceding decades. Our key insights are, that documentation speed is faster with digital strips, although a high load in the case of radio frequency persists. Controllers retrieve tacit information from the radio communication and combine it with scattered cues from several displays to form empathic decisions that sometimes exceed the standard protocol. We conclude that the role of tacit information holds opportunities for future flight systems and should be considered in a holistic approach to individualized workspaces for controllers.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Huber, Stephan and Gramlich, Johanna and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, month = {05}, number = {CSCW1}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {From Paper Flight Strips to Digital Strip Systems: Changes and Similarities in Air Traffic Control Work Practices}, volume = 4, year = 2020 }

• Loft, Shayne, Key Dismukes, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Prospective Memory in Safety-Critical Work Contexts”. In Current Issues in Memory: Prospective Memory, edited by J. Rummel and M. McDaniel, 170-85. Taylor and Francis, 2019.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inbook{loft2019prospective, author = {Loft, Shayne and Dismukes, Key and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Current Issues in Memory: Prospective Memory}, editor = {Rummel, J. and McDaniel, M.}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {170-185}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, title = {Prospective memory in safety-critical work contexts}, year = 2019 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Stephan Huber, Daniel Reinhardt, Andreas Steinisch, Oliver Happel, and Thomas Wurmb. Cognitive Aids in Acute Care: Investigating How Cognitive Aids Affect and Support in-Hospital Emergency Teams. 2019 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’19). Glasgow, UK, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300884.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2019cognitive, address = {Glasgow, UK}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Huber, Stephan and Reinhardt, Daniel and Steinisch, Andreas and Happel, Oliver and Wurmb, Thomas}, booktitle = {2019 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’19)}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {654–}, title = {Cognitive aids in acute care: investigating how cognitive aids affect and support in-hospital emergency teams}, year = 2019 }
• Grundgeiger, T., T. Egenolf, C. Marcus, and O. Happel. “The Effect If Device (video Vs. Direct Laryngoscopy) and Experience (junior Vs. Senior) on Situation Awareness During Simulated Endotracheal Intubation”. In 63th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 531. Seattle, Washington, USA, October 28 – November 1, 2019.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2019effect, address = {Seattle, Washington, USA, October 28 – November 1}, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Egenolf, T. and Marcus, C. and Happel, O.}, booktitle = {63th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 531, title = {The effect if device (video vs. direct laryngoscopy) and experience (junior vs. senior) on situation awareness during simulated endotracheal intubation}, year = 2019 }
• Schaper, Philipp, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Commission Errors With Forced Response Lag”. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 10 (2019): 2380-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021819840583.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  It is often necessary to retrieve intentions once a certain cue occurs in the environment. However, such prospective memory (PM) tasks can also be erroneously recalled even though they are no longer relevant and may result in commission errors. According to the dual mechanism account, commission errors occur because the intention is spontaneously retrieved, and there is a subsequent failure to suppress the associated action, resulting in erroneous instant execution. In three experiments, we tested whether failed response suppression is a prerequisite for commission errors. We set up a response lag condition in which participants had to delay their response to ongoing task trials for 1 s (Experiment 1) or 2 s (Experiments 2 and 3) and a pause condition in which the delay occurred between ongoing task trials. In both conditions, participants learned about a PM task and were then told that the PM task was cancelled. In addition, a control group with response lag executed the PM task and was subsequently told the task was finished. Later, all participants encountered several irrelevant PM cues. If failed response suppression is a prerequisite for commission errors, commission error rates should be non-existent in the response lag conditions, because participants had designated time to suppress the PM action. However, commission errors occurred at an equal rate in all lag and pause conditions. Due to this contradiction to the dual mechanism account, we suggest that the process for commission error occurrence should be reconsidered. Because commission errors appear not to be caused by failed response suppression, we discuss the idea that erroneous intentions might be formed when encountering the former PM cue and persist over delays between formation and execution.

  @article{schaper2019commission, abstract = {It is often necessary to retrieve intentions once a certain cue occurs in the environment. However, such prospective memory (PM) tasks can also be erroneously recalled even though they are no longer relevant and may result in commission errors. According to the dual mechanism account, commission errors occur because the intention is spontaneously retrieved, and there is a subsequent failure to suppress the associated action, resulting in erroneous instant execution. In three experiments, we tested whether failed response suppression is a prerequisite for commission errors. We set up a response lag condition in which participants had to delay their response to ongoing task trials for 1 s (Experiment 1) or 2 s (Experiments 2 and 3) and a pause condition in which the delay occurred between ongoing task trials. In both conditions, participants learned about a PM task and were then told that the PM task was cancelled. In addition, a control group with response lag executed the PM task and was subsequently told the task was finished. Later, all participants encountered several irrelevant PM cues. If failed response suppression is a prerequisite for commission errors, commission error rates should be non-existent in the response lag conditions, because participants had designated time to suppress the PM action. However, commission errors occurred at an equal rate in all lag and pause conditions. Due to this contradiction to the dual mechanism account, we suggest that the process for commission error occurrence should be reconsidered. Because commission errors appear not to be caused by failed response suppression, we discuss the idea that erroneous intentions might be formed when encountering the former PM cue and persist over delays between formation and execution.}, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 10, pages = {2380-2392}, title = {Commission errors with forced response lag}, volume = 72, year = 2019 }
• Sanderson, Penelope, Tara McCurdie, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Interruptions in Health Care: Assessing Their Connection With Error and Patient Harm”. Human Factors 61, no. 7 (2019): 1025-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869115.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Objective:We address the problem of how researchers investigate the actual or potential causal connection between interruptions and medical errors, and whether interventions might reduce the potential for harm.Background:It is widely assumed that interruptions lead to errors and patient harm. However, many reviewers and authors have commented that there is not strong evidence for a causal connection.Method:We introduce a framework of criteria for assessing how strongly evidence implies causality: the so-called Bradford Hill criteria. We then examine four key “metanarratives” of research into interruptions in health care—applied cognitive psychology, epidemiology, quality improvement, and cognitive systems engineering—and assess how each tradition has addressed the causal connection between interruptions and error.Results:Outcomes of applying the Bradford Hill criteria are that the applied cognitive psychology and epidemiology metanarratives address the causal connection relatively directly, whereas the quality improvement metanarrative merely assumes causality, and the cognitive systems engineering metanarrative either implicitly or explicitly questions the feasibility of finding a direct causal connection with harm.Conclusion:The Bradford Hill criteria are useful for evaluating the existing literature on the relationship between interruptions in health care, clinical errors, and the potential for patient harm. In the future, more attention is needed to the issue of why interruptions usually do not lead to harm, and the implications for how we approach patient safety.

  @article{sanderson2019interruptions, abstract = {Objective:We address the problem of how researchers investigate the actual or potential causal connection between interruptions and medical errors, and whether interventions might reduce the potential for harm.Background:It is widely assumed that interruptions lead to errors and patient harm. However, many reviewers and authors have commented that there is not strong evidence for a causal connection.Method:We introduce a framework of criteria for assessing how strongly evidence implies causality: the so-called Bradford Hill criteria. We then examine four key “metanarratives” of research into interruptions in health care—applied cognitive psychology, epidemiology, quality improvement, and cognitive systems engineering—and assess how each tradition has addressed the causal connection between interruptions and error.Results:Outcomes of applying the Bradford Hill criteria are that the applied cognitive psychology and epidemiology metanarratives address the causal connection relatively directly, whereas the quality improvement metanarrative merely assumes causality, and the cognitive systems engineering metanarrative either implicitly or explicitly questions the feasibility of finding a direct causal connection with harm.Conclusion:The Bradford Hill criteria are useful for evaluating the existing literature on the relationship between interruptions in health care, clinical errors, and the potential for patient harm. In the future, more attention is needed to the issue of why interruptions usually do not lead to harm, and the implications for how we approach patient safety.}, author = {Sanderson, Penelope and McCurdie, Tara and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Human Factors}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 7, pages = {1025-1036}, title = {Interruptions in Health Care: Assessing Their Connection With Error and Patient Harm}, volume = 61, year = 2019 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Stephan Huber, Daniel Reinhardt, Andreas Steinisch, Oliver Happel, and Thomas Wurmb. “Cognitive Aids in Acute Care: Investigating How Cognitive Aids Affect and Support In-Hospital Emergency Teams”. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14. CHI ’19. Glasgow, Scotland Uk: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300884.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Cognitive aids - artefacts that support a user in the completion of a task at the time - have raised great interest to support healthcare staff during medical emergencies. However, the mechanisms of how cognitive aids support or affect staff remain understudied. We describe the iterative development of a tablet-based cognitive aid application to support in-hospital resuscitation team leaders. We report a summative evaluation of two different versions of the application. Finally, we outline the limitations of current explanations of how cognitive aids work and suggest an approach based on embodied cognition. We discuss how cognitive aids alter the task of the team leader (distributed cognition), the importance of the present team situation (socially situated), and the result of the interaction between mind and environment (sensorimotor coupling). Understanding and considering the implications of introducing cognitive aids may help to increase acceptance and effectiveness of cognitive aids and eventually improve patient safety.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3290605.3300884, abstract = {Cognitive aids - artefacts that support a user in the completion of a task at the time - have raised great interest to support healthcare staff during medical emergencies. However, the mechanisms of how cognitive aids support or affect staff remain understudied. We describe the iterative development of a tablet-based cognitive aid application to support in-hospital resuscitation team leaders. We report a summative evaluation of two different versions of the application. Finally, we outline the limitations of current explanations of how cognitive aids work and suggest an approach based on embodied cognition. We discuss how cognitive aids alter the task of the team leader (distributed cognition), the importance of the present team situation (socially situated), and the result of the interaction between mind and environment (sensorimotor coupling). Understanding and considering the implications of introducing cognitive aids may help to increase acceptance and effectiveness of cognitive aids and eventually improve patient safety.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Huber, Stephan and Reinhardt, Daniel and Steinisch, Andreas and Happel, Oliver and Wurmb, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1–14}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI '19}, title = {Cognitive Aids in Acute Care: Investigating How Cognitive Aids Affect and Support In-hospital Emergency Teams}, year = 2019 }
• Wolf, Erik, Rebecca Heinrich, Annabell Michalek, David Schraudt, Anna Hohm, Ronja Hein, Tobias Grundgeiger, and Oliver Happel. “Rapid Preparation of Eye Tracking Data for Debriefing in Medical Training: A Feasibility Study”. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 733-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631032.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Simulation-based medical training is an increasingly used method to improve the technical and non-technical performance of clinical staff. An essential part of training is the debriefing of the participants, often using audio, video, or even eye tracking recordings. We conducted a practice-oriented feasibility study to test an eye tracking data preparation procedure, which automatically provided information about the gaze distribution on areas of interest such as the vital sign monitor or the patient simulator. We acquired eye tracking data during three simulation scenarios and provided gaze distribution data for debriefing within 30 minutes. Additionally, we qualitatively evaluated the usefulness of the generated eye tracking data for debriefings. Participating students and debriefers were mostly positive about the data provided; however, future research should improve the technical side of the procedure and investigate best practices regarding how to present and use the data in debriefings.

  @article{wolf2019rapid, abstract = {Simulation-based medical training is an increasingly used method to improve the technical and non-technical performance of clinical staff. An essential part of training is the debriefing of the participants, often using audio, video, or even eye tracking recordings. We conducted a practice-oriented feasibility study to test an eye tracking data preparation procedure, which automatically provided information about the gaze distribution on areas of interest such as the vital sign monitor or the patient simulator. We acquired eye tracking data during three simulation scenarios and provided gaze distribution data for debriefing within 30 minutes. Additionally, we qualitatively evaluated the usefulness of the generated eye tracking data for debriefings. Participating students and debriefers were mostly positive about the data provided; however, future research should improve the technical side of the procedure and investigate best practices regarding how to present and use the data in debriefings.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Heinrich, Rebecca and Michalek, Annabell and Schraudt, David and Hohm, Anna and Hein, Ronja and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {733-737}, title = {Rapid preparation of eye tracking data for debriefing in medical training: a feasibility study}, volume = 63, year = 2019 }
• Schlosser, Paul D., Tobias Grundgeiger, Penelope M. Sanderson, and Oliver Happel. “An Exploratory Clinical Evaluation of a Head-Worn Display Based Multiple-Patient Monitoring Application: Impact on Supervising anesthesiologists’ Situation Awareness”. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 33, no. 6 (2019): 1119-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-019-00265-4.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Supervising anesthesiologists overseeing several operating rooms must be aware of the status of multiple patients, so they can consult with the anesthetist in single operating rooms or respond quickly to critical events. However, maintaining good situation awareness can be challenging when away from patient bedsides or a central monitoring station. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the potential of a head-worn display that showed multiple patients’ vital signs and alarms to improve supervising anesthesiologists’ situation awareness.

  @article{schlosser2019exploratory, abstract = {Supervising anesthesiologists overseeing several operating rooms must be aware of the status of multiple patients, so they can consult with the anesthetist in single operating rooms or respond quickly to critical events. However, maintaining good situation awareness can be challenging when away from patient bedsides or a central monitoring station. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the potential of a head-worn display that showed multiple patients’ vital signs and alarms to improve supervising anesthesiologists’ situation awareness.}, author = {Schlosser, Paul D. and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 6, pages = {1119-1127}, title = {An exploratory clinical evaluation of a head-worn display based multiple-patient monitoring application: Impact on supervising anesthesiologists’ situation awareness}, volume = 33, year = 2019 }

• Huber, Stephan, Michael Weng, Tobias Grundgeiger, and Penelope Sanderson. “Microstrategies in Interruption Management”. In.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{RN1984, author = {Huber, Stephan and Weng, Michael and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Microstrategies in interruption management}, type = {Conference Presentation}, year = 2018 }
• Schlosser, Paul D., Tobias Grundgeiger, and Oliver Happel. “Multiple Patient Monitoring in the Operating Room Using a Head-Mounted Display”. In 2018 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Montreal, QC, Canada: ACM, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188460.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{schlosser2018multiple, address = {Montreal, QC, Canada}, author = {Schlosser, Paul D. and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {2018 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Multiple patient monitoring in the operating room using a head-mounted display}, year = 2018 }
• Huber, Stephan, Tobias Grundgeiger, Daniel Reinhardt, Andreas Steinisch, Oliver Happel, and Thomas Wurmb. “A Cognitive Aid to Support Emergency Response Teams During in Hospital Cardiac Arrest”. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter Annual Meeting 2018, Berlin, Germany. https://www.hfes-europe.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/AbstractsBerlin2018.pdf.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{RN1983, author = {Huber, Stephan and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Reinhardt, Daniel and Steinisch, Andreas and Happel, Oliver and Wurmb, Thomas}, booktitle = {Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter Annual Meeting 2018, Berlin, Germany}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {A cognitive aid to support emergency response teams during in hospital cardiac arrest}, type = {Conference Presentation}, year = 2018 }
• Außenhofer, Tom, Daniel Diethei, Franz Ertle, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Typische Vs. Untypische Platzierung Von Webobjekten Mobiler Webseiten”. Mensch Und Computer 2017-Tagungsband: Spielend Einfach Interagieren 17 (2018): 425.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{aussenhofer2018typische, author = {Außenhofer, Tom and Diethei, Daniel and Ertle, Franz and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2017-Tagungsband: Spielend einfach interagieren}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 425, title = {Typische vs. untypische Platzierung von Webobjekten mobiler Webseiten}, volume = 17, year = 2018 }

• Weng, Michael, Stephan Huber, Elizabeth Vilgan, Tobias Grundgeiger, and Penelope M. Sanderson. “Interruptions, Visual Cues, and the Microstructure of Interaction: Four Laboratory Studies”. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud 103, no. C (July 2017): 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.002.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Visual cues relating to an interrupted task can help people recover from workplace interruptions. However, it is unclear whether visual cues relating to their next steps in a primary task may help people manage interruptions. In a previous intensive care unit simulation study, Grundgeiger et al. (2013) found that nurses performing equipment checks were more likely to defer an interruption from a colleague if they could see the next steps of their task on the equipment screen. We abstracted some elements of the simulation study into a controlled laboratory study to test whether visual cues support interruption management. Participants' primary task was to verify a set of linked arithmetic equations presented on a computer page. From time to time, an animated virtual character interrupted the participant to mimic a social interruption, and the participant chose whether or not to defer a response to the interruptions until they finished their page of equations. In four experiments, the independent variable was visual cue (cue versus no cue) and the primary outcome was the proportion of interruptions from the character that the participant deferred so that she or he could complete the page of equations. Experiment 1 (in English) suggested that the visual cue made participants more likely to defer the interruption. However, a potential confound noted in Experiment 1 was eliminated in Experiment 2 (also in English) and the effect of the visual cue disappeared. Experiment 3 (in German) tested a different way to remove the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 2. Finally Experiment 4 (in German) restored the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 1. Participants decisions to defer interruptions can depend on apparently minor properties of their primary task. Visual cues about upcoming primary tasks may encourage people to defer interruptions.In four experiments we tested the role of cues vs. no cues during the interruption lag.Cues were confounded with a greater opportunity to make progress in the primary task.Deferrals were no more frequent with cues vs. no cues if confound was removed.Interruptionmanagement microstrategies revealed sensitivity to time or memory costs.

  @article{10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.002, abstract = {Visual cues relating to an interrupted task can help people recover from workplace interruptions. However, it is unclear whether visual cues relating to their next steps in a primary task may help people manage interruptions. In a previous intensive care unit simulation study, Grundgeiger et al. (2013) found that nurses performing equipment checks were more likely to defer an interruption from a colleague if they could see the next steps of their task on the equipment screen. We abstracted some elements of the simulation study into a controlled laboratory study to test whether visual cues support interruption management. Participants' primary task was to verify a set of linked arithmetic equations presented on a computer page. From time to time, an animated virtual character interrupted the participant to mimic a social interruption, and the participant chose whether or not to defer a response to the interruptions until they finished their page of equations. In four experiments, the independent variable was visual cue (cue versus no cue) and the primary outcome was the proportion of interruptions from the character that the participant deferred so that she or he could complete the page of equations. Experiment 1 (in English) suggested that the visual cue made participants more likely to defer the interruption. However, a potential confound noted in Experiment 1 was eliminated in Experiment 2 (also in English) and the effect of the visual cue disappeared. Experiment 3 (in German) tested a different way to remove the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 2. Finally Experiment 4 (in German) restored the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 1. Participants decisions to defer interruptions can depend on apparently minor properties of their primary task. Visual cues about upcoming primary tasks may encourage people to defer interruptions.In four experiments we tested the role of cues vs. no cues during the interruption lag.Cues were confounded with a greater opportunity to make progress in the primary task.Deferrals were no more frequent with cues vs. no cues if confound was removed.Interruptionmanagement microstrategies revealed sensitivity to time or memory costs.}, address = {USA}, author = {Weng, Michael and Huber, Stephan and Vilgan, Elizabeth and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M.}, journal = {Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud.}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, month = {07}, number = {C}, pages = {77–94}, publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.}, title = {Interruptions, visual cues, and the microstructure of interaction: Four laboratory studies}, volume = 103, year = 2017 }
• Schaper, Philipp, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “The Effect of Different Distractions on Remembering Delayed Intentions”. Memory 26, no. 2 (2017): 154-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2017.1339090.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  ABSTRACTIn safety-critical domains, frequently intentions need to be delayed until an ongoing task is completed. Research using the delay-execute paradigm showed that interruptions during the delay cause forgetting. However, staff members often handle an initial distraction not by interrupting the ongoing task but by acknowledging the distraction or multitasking. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we observed that, compared to a no distraction condition, multitasking significantly decreased remembering of intentions and interrupting decreased remembering even further. In Experiment 2, interruptions with context change reduced remembering of intentions compared to uninterrupted delays, and at the same time, interruptions without context change improved memory performance compared to uninterrupted delays. However, improved memory performance resulted in decreased interrupting task performance. Theoretically, the results support the contextual cueing mechanism of delay-execute tasks. Considering safety-critical domains, multitasking, interruptions and context changes can contribute to forgetting of tasks.

  @article{schaper2017effect, abstract = {ABSTRACTIn safety-critical domains, frequently intentions need to be delayed until an ongoing task is completed. Research using the delay-execute paradigm showed that interruptions during the delay cause forgetting. However, staff members often handle an initial distraction not by interrupting the ongoing task but by acknowledging the distraction or multitasking. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we observed that, compared to a no distraction condition, multitasking significantly decreased remembering of intentions and interrupting decreased remembering even further. In Experiment 2, interruptions with context change reduced remembering of intentions compared to uninterrupted delays, and at the same time, interruptions without context change improved memory performance compared to uninterrupted delays. However, improved memory performance resulted in decreased interrupting task performance. Theoretically, the results support the contextual cueing mechanism of delay-execute tasks. Considering safety-critical domains, multitasking, interruptions and context changes can contribute to forgetting of tasks.}, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Memory}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 2, pages = {154-170}, title = {The effect of different distractions on remembering delayed intentions}, volume = 26, year = 2017 }
• Wurmb, Thomas, Stephan Huber, Tobias Grundgeiger, Daniel Reinhardt, Andreas Steinisch, and Oliver Happel. ““Cognitive Aid“ Und Echtzeit-Dokumentation Bei Innerklinischen Reanimationen: Weiterentwicklung Einer Tablet-PC Basierten „App“”. Presentation at the Wissenschaftliche Arbeitstage Notfallmedizin (WATN) 2017.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{RN1982, author = {Wurmb, Thomas and Huber, Stephan and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Reinhardt, Daniel and Steinisch, Andreas and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Presentation at the Wissenschaftliche Arbeitstage Notfallmedizin (WATN) 2017}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {“Cognitive Aid“ und Echtzeit-Dokumentation bei innerklinischen Reanimationen: Weiterentwicklung einer Tablet-PC basierten „App“}, type = {Presentation}, year = 2017 }
• Diethei, Daniel, Franz Ertle, Tobias Grundgeiger, Christoph Mengelkamp, and Volker Held. “E-Learning Vs. E-Learning With Hands-On: An Experimental Study to Improve Clinical Skills”. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 660-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601651.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The training of healthcare staff is an important aspect in reducing adverse events related to medical devices. For medical devices, e-learning has been shown to be a successful method for knowledge acquisition (e.g., Grundgeiger et al, 2016). However, research addressed the learning of clinical skills to a lesser extent. Hands-on learning seems to be superior to conventional classroom learning when it comes to long-term-memory performance (e.g., Hearns, Miller, & Nelson, 2010). This study examined whether using a syringe pump while learning improves the skills to operate the pump, subjective confidence when using the pump, and knowledge about the pump compared to a training without the pump.We tested two groups of nursing students. One group received training with an e-learning module and a syringe pump for hands-on practice (e-learning + pump, n = 25), whereas the other group used the e-learning module only (e-learning only, n = 26). In the first session, the participants were asked to conduct a 35-minute training session, followed by a questionnaire, a knowledge test, and a skills test. In a follow-up session, the tests were repeated but these results are not part of this abstract. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee and the participants gave their informed consent.The independent variable was learning method and was manipulated between participants. One group was instructed to make use of a syringe pump placed next to the e-learning computer during the e-learning module (e-learning + pump). The second group did not have the syringe pump while learning (e-learning only). The main dependent variable was the number of tasks solved in the skills test. In addition, we investigated the participants? subjective confidence in operating the syringe pump, their knowledge about the pump, and the amount of assistance that the participants needed to solve the tasks. Based on the literature, we expected that the e-learning + pump group would solve more tasks in the skill test, is more confident in using the pump, and would require less assistance compared to the e-learning only group.The difference of the proportion of solved tasks in the skills test between e-learning + pump group and the e-learning only group was not significant. There was even a slight descriptive advantage for the e-learning only group. For the confidence rating, we observed no significant difference between the groups. In the knowledge test, the e-learning + pump group performed slightly better than the e-learning only group, but the difference was not statistically significant. To assess the amount of required assistance, we counted every sub-task for which a participant needed assistance, regardless of the amount of assistance given per sub-task. Again, there was no effect of the learning method.The results suggest that, with the current study design, there is no benefit of having the device at hand. One may argue that the power of our study might have been too low to find a statistically significant difference between the learning methods. However, because our main independent variable indicated a trend in the opposite direction, we conclude that the current e-learning + pump training does not provide any benefits over e-learning only.The null-effect found in the present study may be due to the split-attention effect. Participants in the e-learning + pump group were told to use the syringe pump combined with the e-learning application. Therefore, they had to switch between the e-learning application and the syringe pump in an unsteady manner to receive all of the relevant information. Considering the split-attention effect (Ayres & Sweller, 2014), switching back and forth might have increased the participants? cognitive extraneous load (Sweller et al., 1998).Although our results are somewhat unexpected, our study showed that ?just? providing a device and instructing healthcare staff to use the device alongside a e-learning module does not improve learning outcomes. Based on the literature (Keers et al., 2013), however, there s a need to improve learning. Future studies should develop and evaluate innovative approaches to teach clinical skills in order to improve overall patient safety.

  @article{diethei2017elearning, abstract = {The training of healthcare staff is an important aspect in reducing adverse events related to medical devices. For medical devices, e-learning has been shown to be a successful method for knowledge acquisition (e.g., Grundgeiger et al, 2016). However, research addressed the learning of clinical skills to a lesser extent. Hands-on learning seems to be superior to conventional classroom learning when it comes to long-term-memory performance (e.g., Hearns, Miller, & Nelson, 2010). This study examined whether using a syringe pump while learning improves the skills to operate the pump, subjective confidence when using the pump, and knowledge about the pump compared to a training without the pump.We tested two groups of nursing students. One group received training with an e-learning module and a syringe pump for hands-on practice (e-learning + pump, n = 25), whereas the other group used the e-learning module only (e-learning only, n = 26). In the first session, the participants were asked to conduct a 35-minute training session, followed by a questionnaire, a knowledge test, and a skills test. In a follow-up session, the tests were repeated but these results are not part of this abstract. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee and the participants gave their informed consent.The independent variable was learning method and was manipulated between participants. One group was instructed to make use of a syringe pump placed next to the e-learning computer during the e-learning module (e-learning + pump). The second group did not have the syringe pump while learning (e-learning only). The main dependent variable was the number of tasks solved in the skills test. In addition, we investigated the participants? subjective confidence in operating the syringe pump, their knowledge about the pump, and the amount of assistance that the participants needed to solve the tasks. Based on the literature, we expected that the e-learning + pump group would solve more tasks in the skill test, is more confident in using the pump, and would require less assistance compared to the e-learning only group.The difference of the proportion of solved tasks in the skills test between e-learning + pump group and the e-learning only group was not significant. There was even a slight descriptive advantage for the e-learning only group. For the confidence rating, we observed no significant difference between the groups. In the knowledge test, the e-learning + pump group performed slightly better than the e-learning only group, but the difference was not statistically significant. To assess the amount of required assistance, we counted every sub-task for which a participant needed assistance, regardless of the amount of assistance given per sub-task. Again, there was no effect of the learning method.The results suggest that, with the current study design, there is no benefit of having the device at hand. One may argue that the power of our study might have been too low to find a statistically significant difference between the learning methods. However, because our main independent variable indicated a trend in the opposite direction, we conclude that the current e-learning + pump training does not provide any benefits over e-learning only.The null-effect found in the present study may be due to the split-attention effect. Participants in the e-learning + pump group were told to use the syringe pump combined with the e-learning application. Therefore, they had to switch between the e-learning application and the syringe pump in an unsteady manner to receive all of the relevant information. Considering the split-attention effect (Ayres & Sweller, 2014), switching back and forth might have increased the participants? cognitive extraneous load (Sweller et al., 1998).Although our results are somewhat unexpected, our study showed that ?just? providing a device and instructing healthcare staff to use the device alongside a e-learning module does not improve learning outcomes. Based on the literature (Keers et al., 2013), however, there s a need to improve learning. Future studies should develop and evaluate innovative approaches to teach clinical skills in order to improve overall patient safety.}, author = {Diethei, Daniel and Ertle, Franz and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Mengelkamp, Christoph and Held, Volker}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {660-660}, title = {E-Learning vs. E-Learning with Hands-on: An Experimental Study to Improve Clinical Skills}, volume = 61, year = 2017 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Julian Hester, Volker Held, and Jörn Hurtienne. “Beyond Knowledge Acquisition: Medical Device Training As a Cooperative Process”. In Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 187-90. Portland, Oregon, USA: ACM, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1145/3022198.3026315.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @conference{grundgeiger2017beyond, address = {Portland, Oregon, USA}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Hester, Julian and Held, Volker and Hurtienne, Jörn}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing}, keywords = {hurtienne}, pages = {187-190}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Beyond Knowledge Acquisition: Medical Device Training as a Cooperative Process}, year = 2017 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Christoph Klöffel, Sophia Mohme, Thomas Wurmb, and Oliver Happel. “An Investigation into the Effects of Real Vs. Simulated Cases and Level of Experience on the Distribution of Visual Attention During Induction of General Anaesthesia”. Anaesthesia 72, no. 5 (2017): 624-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.13821.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In anaesthesia, patient simulators have been used for training and research. However, insights from simulator-based research may only translate to real settings if the simulation elicits the same behaviour as the real setting. To this end, we investigated the effects of the case (simulated case vs. real case) and experience level (junior vs. senior) on the distribution of visual attention during the induction of general anaesthesia. We recorded eye-tracking data from 12 junior and 12 senior anaesthetists inducing general anaesthesia in a simulation room and in an actual operating room (48 recordings). Using a classification system from the literature, we assigned each fixation to one of 24 areas of interest and classified the areas of interest into groups related to monitoring, manual, and other tasks. Anaesthetists gave more visual attention to monitoring related areas of interest in simulated cases than in real cases (p = 0.001). We observed no effect of the factor case for manual tasks. For other tasks, anaesthetists gave more visual attention to areas of interest related to other tasks in real cases than in simulated cases (p < 0.001). Experience level did not have an effect on the distribution of visual attention. The results showed that there were differences in the distribution of visual attention by between real and simulated cases. Therefore, researchers need to be careful when translating simulation-based research on topics involving visual attention to the clinical environment.

  @article{grundgeiger2017investigation, abstract = {In anaesthesia, patient simulators have been used for training and research. However, insights from simulator-based research may only translate to real settings if the simulation elicits the same behaviour as the real setting. To this end, we investigated the effects of the case (simulated case vs. real case) and experience level (junior vs. senior) on the distribution of visual attention during the induction of general anaesthesia. We recorded eye-tracking data from 12 junior and 12 senior anaesthetists inducing general anaesthesia in a simulation room and in an actual operating room (48 recordings). Using a classification system from the literature, we assigned each fixation to one of 24 areas of interest and classified the areas of interest into groups related to monitoring, manual, and other tasks. Anaesthetists gave more visual attention to monitoring related areas of interest in simulated cases than in real cases (p = 0.001). We observed no effect of the factor case for manual tasks. For other tasks, anaesthetists gave more visual attention to areas of interest related to other tasks in real cases than in simulated cases (p < 0.001). Experience level did not have an effect on the distribution of visual attention. The results showed that there were differences in the distribution of visual attention by between real and simulated cases. Therefore, researchers need to be careful when translating simulation-based research on topics involving visual attention to the clinical environment.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Klöffel, Christoph and Mohme, Sophia and Wurmb, Thomas and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {Anaesthesia}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 5, pages = {624-632}, title = {An investigation into the effects of real vs. simulated cases and level of experience on the distribution of visual attention during induction of general anaesthesia}, volume = 72, year = 2017 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Jürgen Pichen, Jennifer Häfner, Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich, Diana Löffler, and Stephan Huber. “Combating Sedentary Behavior: An App Based on a Distributed Prospective Memory Approach”. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1632-39. ACM, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053094.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2017combating, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Pichen, Jürgen and Häfner, Jennifer and Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit and Löffler, Diana and Huber, Stephan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1632-1639}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Combating Sedentary Behavior: An App Based on a Distributed Prospective Memory Approach}, year = 2017 }
• Weng, Michael, Stephan Huber, Elizabeth Vilgan, Tobias Grundgeiger, and P. M. Sanderson. “Interruptions, Visual Cues, and the Microstructure of Interaction: Four Laboratory Studies”. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 103 (2017): 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.002.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Visual cues relating to an interrupted task can help people recover from workplace interruptions. However, it is unclear whether visual cues relating to their next steps in a primary task may help people manage interruptions. In a previous intensive care unit simulation study, Grundgeiger et al. (2013) found that nurses performing equipment checks were more likely to defer an interruption from a colleague if they could see the next steps of their task on the equipment screen. We abstracted some elements of the simulation study into a controlled laboratory study to test whether visual cues support interruption management. Participants' primary task was to verify a set of linked arithmetic equations presented on a computer page. From time to time, an animated virtual character interrupted the participant to mimic a social interruption, and the participant chose whether or not to defer a response to the interruptions until they finished their page of equations. In four experiments, the independent variable was visual cue (cue versus no cue) and the primary outcome was the proportion of interruptions from the character that the participant deferred so that she or he could complete the page of equations. Experiment 1 (in English) suggested that the visual cue made participants more likely to defer the interruption. However, a potential confound noted in Experiment 1 was eliminated in Experiment 2 (also in English) and the effect of the visual cue disappeared. Experiment 3 (in German) tested a different way to remove the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 2. Finally Experiment 4 (in German) restored the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 1. Participants’ decisions to defer interruptions can depend on apparently minor properties of their primary task.

  @article{weng2017interruptions, abstract = {Visual cues relating to an interrupted task can help people recover from workplace interruptions. However, it is unclear whether visual cues relating to their next steps in a primary task may help people manage interruptions. In a previous intensive care unit simulation study, Grundgeiger et al. (2013) found that nurses performing equipment checks were more likely to defer an interruption from a colleague if they could see the next steps of their task on the equipment screen. We abstracted some elements of the simulation study into a controlled laboratory study to test whether visual cues support interruption management. Participants' primary task was to verify a set of linked arithmetic equations presented on a computer page. From time to time, an animated virtual character interrupted the participant to mimic a social interruption, and the participant chose whether or not to defer a response to the interruptions until they finished their page of equations. In four experiments, the independent variable was visual cue (cue versus no cue) and the primary outcome was the proportion of interruptions from the character that the participant deferred so that she or he could complete the page of equations. Experiment 1 (in English) suggested that the visual cue made participants more likely to defer the interruption. However, a potential confound noted in Experiment 1 was eliminated in Experiment 2 (also in English) and the effect of the visual cue disappeared. Experiment 3 (in German) tested a different way to remove the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 2. Finally Experiment 4 (in German) restored the confound and replicated the results of Experiment 1. Participants’ decisions to defer interruptions can depend on apparently minor properties of their primary task.}, author = {Weng, Michael and Huber, Stephan and Vilgan, Elizabeth and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, P. M.}, booktitle = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {77-94}, title = {Interruptions, visual cues, and the microstructure of interaction: Four laboratory studies}, volume = 103, year = 2017 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Moritz Albert, Daniel Reinhardt, Oilver Happel, Andreas Steinisch, and Thomas Wurmb. “Real-Time Tablet-Based Resuscitation Documentation by the Team Leader: Evaluating Documentation Quality and Clinical Performance”. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 24, no. 1 (2016): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-016-0242-3.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Precise and complete documentation of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitations is important but data quality can be poor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a tablet-based application for real-time resuscitation documentation used by the emergency team leader on documentation quality and clinical performance of the emergency team.

  @article{grundgeiger2016realtime, abstract = {Precise and complete documentation of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitations is important but data quality can be poor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a tablet-based application for real-time resuscitation documentation used by the emergency team leader on documentation quality and clinical performance of the emergency team.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Albert, Moritz and Reinhardt, Daniel and Happel, Oilver and Steinisch, Andreas and Wurmb, Thomas}, booktitle = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {1-7}, title = {Real-time tablet-based resuscitation documentation by the team leader: evaluating documentation quality and clinical performance}, volume = 24, year = 2016 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Sidney Dekker, Penelope Sanderson, Birgit Brecknell, David Liu, and Leanne M Aitken. “Obstacles to Research on the Effects of Interruptions in Healthcare”. BMJ Quality & Safety 25, no. 6 (2016): 392-95. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004083.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2016obstacles, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Dekker, Sidney and Sanderson, Penelope and Brecknell, Birgit and Liu, David and Aitken, Leanne M}, booktitle = {BMJ Quality & Safety}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 6, pages = {392-395}, title = {Obstacles to research on the effects of interruptions in healthcare}, volume = 25, year = 2016 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Christoph Klöffel, Sophia Mohme, Thomas Wurmb, and Oliver Happel. “Visual Attention in Anesthesiology: The Effect of the Environment (Simulated Vs. Real) and Expertise (Junior Vs. Senior)”. In 60th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 531. Washington DC, September 19–23, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601121.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2016visual, address = {Washington DC, September 19–23}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Klöffel, Christoph and Mohme, Sophia and Wurmb, Thomas and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {60th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 531, title = {Visual Attention in Anesthesiology: The Effect of the Environment (Simulated vs. Real) and Expertise (Junior vs. Senior)}, year = 2016 }
• Schaper, Philipp, and Tobias Grundgeiger. “Commission Errors in Delay-Execute Prospective Memory Tasks”. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70, no. 7 (2016): 1423-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1187182.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{schaper2016commission, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 7, pages = {1423-1438}, title = {Commission errors in delay-execute prospective memory tasks}, volume = 70, year = 2016 }
• Schlosser, Paul D., Penelope M. Sanderson, Tobias Grundgeiger, David Liu, and Robert G. Loeb. The Effect of Conventional Screens Vs. Head-Mounted Displays on Alarm Monitoring Strategies. 60th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Vol. 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601357.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @proceedings{schlosser2016effect, author = {Schlosser, Paul D. and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Liu, David and Loeb, Robert G.}, booktitle = {60th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = 1555, title = {The Effect of Conventional Screens vs. Head-Mounted Displays on Alarm Monitoring Strategies}, volume = 60, year = 2016 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Lorenz Kolb, M. O. Korb, Christoph Mengelkamp, and Volker Held. “Training Students to Use Syringe Pumps: An Experimental Comparison of E-Learning and Classroom Training”. Biomedical Engineering Biomedizinische Technik 61, no. 2 (2016): 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2014-0116.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2016training, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Kolb, Lorenz and Korb, M. O. and Mengelkamp, Christoph and Held, Volker}, booktitle = {Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 2, pages = {211–220}, title = {Training students to use syringe pumps: An experimental comparison of e-learning and classroom training}, volume = 61, year = 2016 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, N. Roewer, J. Grundgeiger, J. Hurtienne, and O. Happel. “Body Posture During Simulated Tracheal Intubation: GlideScope® Videolaryngoscopy Vs Macintosh Direct Laryngoscopy for Novices and Experts”. Anaesthesia 70, no. 12 (2015): 1375-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.13190.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Tracheal intubation requires the anaesthetist to adopt an awkward body posture. To investigate how posture may be improved, we compared the effects of laryngoscopy technique (GlideScope® vs Macintosh blade) and experience (novices vs experts) on body posture angles and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment postural analysis score. Novices (25 medical students) and experts (26 anaesthetists) were video-recorded performing intubation in a manikin using both devices. The GlideScope resulted in smaller deflections for all analysed posture angles (all p values < 0.001) except the wrist compared with the Macintosh blade. Novices showed more trunk (p < 0.001) and neck (p = 0.002) flexion than experts. Using the GlideScope resulted in a lower Rapid Entire Body Assessment score compared with using the Macintosh blade (p < 0.001), indicating that the GlideScope resulted in body posture less likely to induce musculoskeletal injuries. From an ergonomic point of view, the GlideScope should be the preferred technique for laryngoscopy.

  @article{grundgeiger2015posture, abstract = {Tracheal intubation requires the anaesthetist to adopt an awkward body posture. To investigate how posture may be improved, we compared the effects of laryngoscopy technique (GlideScope® vs Macintosh blade) and experience (novices vs experts) on body posture angles and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment postural analysis score. Novices (25 medical students) and experts (26 anaesthetists) were video-recorded performing intubation in a manikin using both devices. The GlideScope resulted in smaller deflections for all analysed posture angles (all p values < 0.001) except the wrist compared with the Macintosh blade. Novices showed more trunk (p < 0.001) and neck (p = 0.002) flexion than experts. Using the GlideScope resulted in a lower Rapid Entire Body Assessment score compared with using the Macintosh blade (p < 0.001), indicating that the GlideScope resulted in body posture less likely to induce musculoskeletal injuries. From an ergonomic point of view, the GlideScope should be the preferred technique for laryngoscopy.}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Roewer, N. and Grundgeiger, J. and Hurtienne, J. and Happel, O.}, booktitle = {Anaesthesia}, keywords = {hurtienne}, number = 12, pages = {1375-81}, title = {Body posture during simulated tracheal intubation: GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy vs Macintosh direct laryngoscopy for novices and experts}, volume = 70, year = 2015 }
• Sanderson, P. M., and Tobias Grundgeiger. “How Do Interruptions Affect Clinician Performance in Healthcare? Negotiating Fidelity, Control, and Potential Generalizability in the Search for Answers”. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 79 (2015): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.11.003.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Interruptions and distractions are a feature of work in most complex sociotechnical systems in which people must handle multiple threads of work. Over the last 10–15 years there has been a crescendo of reviews and investigations into the impact that interruptions and distractions have on safety-critical aspects of healthcare work, such as medication administration, but findings are still inconclusive. Despite this, many healthcare communities have taken steps to reduce interruptions and distractions in safety-critical work tasks, a step that will usually do no harm but that may have unintended consequences. Investigations with a higher yield of certainty would provide better evidence and better guidance to healthcare communities. In this viewpoint paper we survey some key papers reporting investigations of interruptions and distractions in the field, in simulators, and in the laboratory. We also survey reports of field interventions aimed at minimizing interruptions and distractions with the intention of improving the safety of medication administration and other safety-critical healthcare tasks. To analyse the papers adopting each form of investigation, we use the three dimensions of fidelity, formal control exercised, and the potential generalizability to the field. We argue that studies of interruptions and distractions outside the healthcare clinical context, but intended to generalize to it, should become more formally representative of the cognitive context of healthcare work. Research would be improved if investigators undertook programs of studies that successively achieve fidelity, control, and potential generalizability, or if they strengthened the design of individual studies.

  @article{sanderson2015interruptions, abstract = {Interruptions and distractions are a feature of work in most complex sociotechnical systems in which people must handle multiple threads of work. Over the last 10–15 years there has been a crescendo of reviews and investigations into the impact that interruptions and distractions have on safety-critical aspects of healthcare work, such as medication administration, but findings are still inconclusive. Despite this, many healthcare communities have taken steps to reduce interruptions and distractions in safety-critical work tasks, a step that will usually do no harm but that may have unintended consequences. Investigations with a higher yield of certainty would provide better evidence and better guidance to healthcare communities. In this viewpoint paper we survey some key papers reporting investigations of interruptions and distractions in the field, in simulators, and in the laboratory. We also survey reports of field interventions aimed at minimizing interruptions and distractions with the intention of improving the safety of medication administration and other safety-critical healthcare tasks. To analyse the papers adopting each form of investigation, we use the three dimensions of fidelity, formal control exercised, and the potential generalizability to the field. We argue that studies of interruptions and distractions outside the healthcare clinical context, but intended to generalize to it, should become more formally representative of the cognitive context of healthcare work. Research would be improved if investigators undertook programs of studies that successively achieve fidelity, control, and potential generalizability, or if they strengthened the design of individual studies.}, author = {Sanderson, P. M. and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, booktitle = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {85–96}, title = {How do interruptions affect clinician performance in healthcare? Negotiating fidelity, control, and potential generalizability in the search for answers}, volume = 79, year = 2015 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Thomas Wurmb, and Oliver Happel. “Eye Tracking in Anesthesiology: Literature Review, Methodological Issues, and Research Topics”. In 59th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 493-97. Los Angeles, CA, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591106.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2015tracking, address = {Los Angeles, CA}, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Wurmb, Thomas and Happel, Oliver}, booktitle = {59th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {493-497}, title = {Eye tracking in anesthesiology: Literature review, methodological issues, and research topics}, year = 2015 }
• Reinhardt, Daniel, Ann-Kathrin Kraft, Mortiz Albert, Tobias Grundgeiger, Oliver Happel, Andreas Steinisch, and Thomas Wurmb. “A Tablet-Based Documentation Tool for in-Hospital Resuscitations”. In 59th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 531-35. Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591114.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{reinhardt2015tabletbased, address = {Los Angeles, CA, USA}, author = {Reinhardt, Daniel and Kraft, Ann-Kathrin and Albert, Mortiz and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Happel, Oliver and Steinisch, Andreas and Wurmb, Thomas}, booktitle = {59th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {531-535}, title = {A tablet-based documentation tool for in-hospital resuscitations}, year = 2015 }

• Grundgeiger, T, M Scharf, J Grundgeiger, and R Scheuchenpflug. “Manual Distractions of Ambulance Drivers: Light-and-Siren Vs. Non-Light-and-Siren Travel”. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58:1134-38. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581237.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2014manual, author = {Grundgeiger, T and Scharf, M and Grundgeiger, J and Scheuchenpflug, R}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {1134-1138}, publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}, title = {Manual Distractions of Ambulance Drivers: Light-and-siren vs. Non-light-and-siren Travel}, volume = 58, year = 2014 }
• Grundgeiger, T. “Noncompetitive Retrieval Practice Causes Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in Cued Recall But Not in Recognition”. Memory & Cognition 42, no. 3 (2014): 400-408. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0372-z.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2014noncompetitive, author = {Grundgeiger, T.}, booktitle = {Memory & Cognition}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 3, pages = {400-408}, title = {Noncompetitive retrieval practice causes retrieval-induced forgetting in cued recall but not in recognition}, volume = 42, year = 2014 }
• Huber, Stephan, Michael Weng, Tobias Grundgeiger, and Penelope Sanderson. “The Effect of Visual Cues on How People Handle Interruptions”. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 58, no. 1 (September 2014): 250-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581052.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  People in work domains such as healthcare are often interrupted. As a result, they sometimes forget to resume their prior task, which may lead to undesirable consequences. In many cases, strategies such as deferring an interruption for a while can help people lower the risks imposed by interruptions. Using two computer-based tasks, we investigated whether visual cues make people more likely to defer an interruption until their current task is finished. Our study participants worked on an arithmetic task and were interrupted from time to time by an animated character inviting them to play Tic-Tac-Toe. Results showed that participants were more likely to defer accepting the interruption and to complete the arithmetic task if the arithmetic task contained visual cues that indicated the location of the next steps, than if it did not. The findings suggest that equipment with appropriately designed visual cues might encourage people to defer interruptions and finish their current tasks. Further research is needed to understand exactly how visual cues promote deferral strategies.

  @article{huber2014effect, abstract = {People in work domains such as healthcare are often interrupted. As a result, they sometimes forget to resume their prior task, which may lead to undesirable consequences. In many cases, strategies such as deferring an interruption for a while can help people lower the risks imposed by interruptions. Using two computer-based tasks, we investigated whether visual cues make people more likely to defer an interruption until their current task is finished. Our study participants worked on an arithmetic task and were interrupted from time to time by an animated character inviting them to play Tic-Tac-Toe. Results showed that participants were more likely to defer accepting the interruption and to complete the arithmetic task if the arithmetic task contained visual cues that indicated the location of the next steps, than if it did not. The findings suggest that equipment with appropriately designed visual cues might encourage people to defer interruptions and finish their current tasks. Further research is needed to understand exactly how visual cues promote deferral strategies.}, author = {Huber, Stephan and Weng, Michael and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, journal = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, month = {09}, number = 1, pages = {250–254}, publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc}, title = {The Effect of Visual Cues on How People Handle Interruptions}, volume = 58, year = 2014 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Penelope M. Sanderson, and R. Key Dismukes. “Prospective Memory in Complex Sociotechnical Systems”. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 222, no. 2 (2014): 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000171.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2014prospective, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Dismukes, R. Key}, booktitle = {Zeitschrift für Psychologie}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 2, pages = {100-109}, title = {Prospective memory in complex sociotechnical systems}, volume = 222, year = 2014 }
• Grundgeiger, T., B. Harris, N. Ford, P. Sanderson, and B. Venkatesh. “Emergency Medical Equipment Storage: Benefits of Visual Cues Tested in Field and Simulated Settings”. Human Factors 56, no. 4 (2014): 958-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813514605.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2014emergency, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Harris, B. and Ford, N. and Sanderson, P. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {Human Factors}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 4, pages = {958-72}, title = {Emergency medical equipment storage: Benefits of visual cues tested in field and simulated settings}, volume = 56, year = 2014 }

• Grundgeiger, T., U.J Bayen, and S.S Horn. “Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Prospective Memory”. Memory 22, no. 6 (2013): 679-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2013.812220.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2013effects, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Bayen, U.J and Horn, S.S}, booktitle = {Memory}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 6, pages = {679-686}, title = {Effects of sleep deprivation on prospective memory}, volume = 22, year = 2013 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Penelope M. Sanderson, C. Beltran Orihuela, A. Thompson, H.G MacDougall, L. Nunnink, and B. Venkatesh. “Prospective Memory in the ICU: The Effect of Visual Cues on Task Execution in a Representative Simulation”. Ergonomics 56, no. 4 (2013): 579-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2013.765604.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2013prospective, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Beltran Orihuela, C. and Thompson, A. and MacDougall, H.G and Nunnink, L. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {Ergonomics}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 4, pages = {579-589}, title = {Prospective memory in the ICU: the effect of visual cues on task execution in a representative simulation}, volume = 56, year = 2013 }
• Bayen, U. J., A. Dogangun, T. Grundgeiger, A. Haese, G. Stockmanns, and J. Ziegler. “Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Memory Aid System”. Gerontology 59, no. 1 (2013): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339096.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Background: The ability to remember future intentions is compromised in both healthy and cognitively impaired older adults. Assistive technology provides older adults with promising solutions to cope with this age-related problem. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of such systems as memory aids is seldom evaluated in controlled, randomized trials. Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a memory aid system, the InBad (engl. InBath), for bathroom-related daily care. Conceptually, the InBad learns user behavior patterns and detects deviations from the learned pattern in order to notify the user of a forgotten task. Methods: We simulated a challenging morning routine consisting of 22 bathroom activities with a sample of 60 healthy older adults. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) 'no memory support', i.e. participants received no support at all, (2) 'list support', i.e. participants could retrieve a list of all activities, and (3) 'system support', i.e. participants received prompts for specific activities that had not yet been executed. Results: Both support groups executed significantly more activities compared to the 'no support' group. In addition, system support resulted in significantly better performance compared to list support with no significant differences between the two groups in overall task duration. Conclusion: The assistive support system was the most effective and efficient memory aid. The results suggest that assistive technology has the potential to enable older adults to remain safe and independent in their own home. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

  @article{bayen2013evaluating, abstract = {Background: The ability to remember future intentions is compromised in both healthy and cognitively impaired older adults. Assistive technology provides older adults with promising solutions to cope with this age-related problem. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of such systems as memory aids is seldom evaluated in controlled, randomized trials. Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a memory aid system, the InBad (engl. InBath), for bathroom-related daily care. Conceptually, the InBad learns user behavior patterns and detects deviations from the learned pattern in order to notify the user of a forgotten task. Methods: We simulated a challenging morning routine consisting of 22 bathroom activities with a sample of 60 healthy older adults. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) 'no memory support', i.e. participants received no support at all, (2) 'list support', i.e. participants could retrieve a list of all activities, and (3) 'system support', i.e. participants received prompts for specific activities that had not yet been executed. Results: Both support groups executed significantly more activities compared to the 'no support' group. In addition, system support resulted in significantly better performance compared to list support with no significant differences between the two groups in overall task duration. Conclusion: The assistive support system was the most effective and efficient memory aid. The results suggest that assistive technology has the potential to enable older adults to remain safe and independent in their own home. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel}, author = {Bayen, U. J. and Dogangun, A. and Grundgeiger, T. and Haese, A. and Stockmanns, G. and Ziegler, J.}, booktitle = {Gerontology}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 1, pages = {77-84}, title = {Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Memory Aid System}, volume = 59, year = 2013 }

• Grundgeiger, T., P. M. Sanderson, C. Beltran Orihuela, A. Thompson, H.G MacDougall, L. Nunnink, and B. Venkatesh. Distractions and Interruptions in the Intensive Care Unit: A Field Observation and a Controlled Simulator Experiment. 54th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. San Francisco, CA: 27-30 October, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1518/107118110X12829369606242.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2010distractions, address = {San Francisco, CA: 27-30 October}, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, P. M. and Beltran Orihuela, C. and Thompson, A. and MacDougall, H.G and Nunnink, L. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {54th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {835-839}, title = {Distractions and interruptions in the intensive care unit: A field observation and a controlled simulator experiment}, year = 2010 }
• Grundgeiger, T., P. M. Sanderson, C. Beltran Orihuela, A. Thompson, H.G MacDougall, L. Nunnink, and B. Venkatesh. “Using a Full-Scale Simulation Environment to Investigate How Nurses Remember Future Intentions”. Simulation in Healthcare 5, no. 6 (2010): 366. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e318201cae5.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2010using, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, P. M. and Beltran Orihuela, C. and Thompson, A. and MacDougall, H.G and Nunnink, L. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {Simulation in Healthcare}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 6, pages = 366, title = {Using a Full-Scale Simulation Environment to Investigate How Nurses Remember Future Intentions}, volume = 5, year = 2010 }
• Grundgeiger, T., P. M. Sanderson, C. Beltran Orihuela, A. Thompson, H.G MacDougall, L. Nunnink, and B. Venkatesh. Using a Full-Scale Simulation Environment to Investigate How Nurses Remember Future Intentions. Proceedings of the SimTecT 2010 Healthcare Simulation Conference. (SimTecT Healthcare 2010). Melbourne, VIC; 30 Aug - 2 Sep 2010, 2010.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2010using, address = {Melbourne, VIC; 30 Aug - 2 Sep 2010}, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, P. M. and Beltran Orihuela, C. and Thompson, A. and MacDougall, H.G and Nunnink, L. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SimTecT 2010 Healthcare Simulation conference. (SimTecT Healthcare 2010).}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Using a Full-Scale Simulation Environment to Investigate How Nurses Remember Future Intentions}, year = 2010 }
• Grundgeiger, T. The Effect of Different Distractions on Remembering Delayed Intentions. 3rd International Conference on Prospective Memory. Vancouver, Canada: 28-30 July 2010, 2010.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2010effect, address = {Vancouver, Canada: 28-30 July 2010}, author = {Grundgeiger, T.}, booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Prospective Memory}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {The Effect of Different Distractions on Remembering Delayed Intentions}, year = 2010 }
• Grundgeiger, T., P. M. Sanderson, C. Beltran Orihuela, A. Thompson, H.G MacDougall, L. Nunnink, and B. Venkatesh. “Prospective Memory in Intensive Care Nursing”. In The 3rd International Conference on Prospective Memory. Vancouver, Canada: 28-30 July 2010, 2010.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2010prospective, address = {Vancouver, Canada: 28-30 July 2010.}, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, P. M. and Beltran Orihuela, C. and Thompson, A. and MacDougall, H.G and Nunnink, L. and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {The 3rd International Conference on Prospective Memory}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {Prospective Memory in Intensive Care Nursing}, year = 2010 }
• Grundgeiger, Tobias, Penelope M. Sanderson, Hamish .G MacDougall, and Balasubramanian Venkatesh. “Interruption Management in the Intensive Care Unit: Predicting Resumption Times and Assessing Distributed Support”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 16, no. 4 (2010): 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021912.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2010interruption, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M. and MacDougall, Hamish .G and Venkatesh, Balasubramanian}, booktitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 4, pages = {317–334}, title = {Interruption management in the intensive care unit: Predicting resumption times and assessing distributed support}, volume = 16, year = 2010 }

• Grundgeiger, Tobias, and Penelope M. Sanderson. “Interruptions in Healthcare: Theoretical Views”. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 5, 78 (2009): 293-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.10.001.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{grundgeiger2009interruptions, author = {Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M.}, booktitle = {International Journal of Medical Informatics}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {293-307}, series = 5, title = {Interruptions in healthcare: Theoretical views}, volume = 78, year = 2009 }
• Grundgeiger, T., Penelope M. Sanderson, H.G MacDougall, and B. Venkatesh. Distributed Prospective Memory: An Approach to Understanding How Nurses Remember Tasks. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. San Antonio, TX: 19-23 October, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301127.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2009distributed, address = {San Antonio, TX: 19-23 October}, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, Penelope M. and MacDougall, H.G and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {53rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {759-763}, title = {Distributed prospective memory: An approach to understanding how nurses remember tasks}, year = 2009 }
• Liu, Dave, Tobias Grundgeiger, Penelope M. Sanderson, Simon Jenkins, and Terry Leane. “Interruptions and Blood Transfusion Checks: Lessons from the Simulated Operating Room”. Anesthesia and Analgesia 108 (2009): 219-22. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e31818e841a.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{liu2009interruptions, author = {Liu, Dave and Grundgeiger, Tobias and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Jenkins, Simon and Leane, Terry}, booktitle = {Anesthesia and Analgesia}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {219-222}, title = {Interruptions and blood transfusion checks: Lessons from the simulated operating room}, volume = 108, year = 2009 }
• Grundgeiger, T., P. M. Sanderson, H.G MacDougall, and B. Venkatesh. “How Nurses Overcome Interruptions: An Analysis of Distributed Support”. In 17th World Congress on Ergonomics, August 9-14, 2009, Beijing, China.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{grundgeiger2009nurses, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Sanderson, P. M. and MacDougall, H.G and Venkatesh, B.}, booktitle = {17th World Congress on Ergonomics, August 9-14, 2009, Beijing, China}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, title = {How nurses overcome interruptions: An analysis of distributed support}, year = 2009 }

• Grundgeiger, T., D. Liu, Penelope M. Sanderson, S. Jenkins, and T. Leane. Effects of Interruptions on Prospective Memory Performance in Anesthesiology. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120805201209.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @proceedings{grundgeiger2008effects, author = {Grundgeiger, T. and Liu, D. and Sanderson, Penelope M. and Jenkins, S. and Leane, T.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society}, howpublished = {New York, NY}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, pages = {808-812}, title = {Effects of interruptions on prospective memory performance in anesthesiology}, year = 2008 }

• Aslan, A., K. H. Bäuml, and T. Grundgeiger. “The Role of Inhibitory Processes in Part-List Cuing”. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, no. 2 (2007): 335-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.2.335.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{aslan2007inhibitory, author = {Aslan, A. and Bäuml, K. H. and Grundgeiger, T.}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, keywords = {grundgeiger}, number = 2, pages = {335-341}, title = {The role of inhibitory processes in part-list cuing}, volume = 33, year = 2007 }